. 2016 Dec 27;18(1):37. doi: 10.3390/ijms18010037

Table 3.

Animal models of neuroblastoma. Table adapted from Zhu, 2016 [127], and expanded. ALK: anaplastic lymphoma kinase; CGH: comparative genomic hybridization.

Model	Type	Target	Tumor Location/Uses	Type of Data	Reference
Mouse	Transgenic line, TH-MYCN	Human MYCN	Thoracic, abdominal, metastasis to lung, liver, ovaries	CGH, histopathology	[126]
	Compound transgenic line, TH-MYCN, TH-ALKF1174L	Human ALK F1174L plus MYCN	Sympathetic ganglia or adrenals, locally invasive	Immunohistochemistry, transcriptomic	[98]
	Compound conditional transgenic line, LSL-Lin28b, Dbh-iCre	Mouse Lin28b plus Cre	Sympathetic ganglia or adrenals	Bioluminescence imaging, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry	[49]
	Xenograft in immune-deficient mice	Human MYCN-amplified primary tumor	Tumors engrafted into kidney capsule	Cell staining, qRT-PCR, testing NVP-BEZ235 treatment	[94]
	Compound conditional knockout line, TH-MYCN; TH-Cre, Caspase 8	Human MYCN plus loss of mouse Caspase 8	Sympathetic ganglia, metastasis to bone marrow	Immunohistochemistry, microarray, qRT-PCR	[101]
	Compound knock-in (KI), TH-MYCN; KI Alk	Human MYCN plus mouse Alk	Multifocal tumors, locally invasive	Immunohistochemistry, in vivo drug testing, transcriptomic	[99]
	Immune deficient, CB17SC-M scid^−/−	Transplantation of human neuroblastoma cells	Subcutaneously injected tumor cells	In vivo preclinical drug testing	[129]
Zebrafish	Compound transgenic line, DβH-MYCN, DβH-ALKF1174L	Human MYCN plus human ALKF1174L	Adrenal, locally invasive	Immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, in vivo imaging	[102]
	Compound knockout line, nf1a^−/−; DβH-MYCN	Human MYCN plus loss of zebrafish nf1	Adrenal, sympathoadrenal cells	In vivo imaging, immunohistochemistry, testing trametinib and isotretinoin	[128]
	Immunocompromised rag2^E45°^fs	Transplantation of zebrafish neuroblastoma cells overexpressing Human MYCN and ALKF1174L	Observation of tumor development and metastasis	In vivo imaging, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry	[130,131]
	Transparent, roy^−/−; nacre^−/− “Casper”	Transplantation of human tumor cells	Observation of tumor development and metastasis	In vivo imaging with resolution down to single cells	[131,132]
Drosophila melanogaster	Transgenic	Various targets involved in stem cell division	Understanding stem cell-like qualities of neuroblastoma tumors	Immunohistochemistry, tumor karyotyping, asymmetric cell division	[134,135]