Table 5.
Data about planting date and distance of the studied cultivars, number of samples per cultivar and per crop season, quality parameters of the obtained oils (mean ± standard deviation of free fatty acids (FAAs), peroxide values (PV) and ultraviolet absorbance at 232 (K232) and 270 nm (K270)), and pedoclimatic conditions of the experimental orchard during the study period.
| Orchard Characteristics | Arbequina | Arbosana | Cornicabra | Frantoio | Hojiblanca | Koroneiki | Manzanilla | Picholine-Languedoc | Picual | Dahbia | Haouzia | Menara | Picholine Marocaine |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Planting date | 2001 | 2000 | 2001 | 2000 | 2001 | 2000 | 40 years ago | ||||||
| Planting distances | 7 × 5 (between rows × between trees) | 10 × 10 | |||||||||||
| 2012/2013 (total = 105) | 6 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 14 |
| 2013/2014 (total = 98) | 10 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 10 |
| Oils quality parameters | |||||||||||||
| FFAs (% oleic acid) | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.22 ± 0.05 | 0.19 ± 0.03 | 0.22 ± 0.06 | 0.20 ± 0.05 | 0.23 ± 0.03 | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.21 ± 0.04 | 0.20 ± 0.05 | 0.20 ± 0.06 | 0.20 ± 0.05 | 0.24 ± 0.04 | 0.24 ± 0.03 |
| PV (meq O2/kg) | 4.99 ± 0.91 | 5.12 ± 0.77 | 5.01 ± 0.87 | 5.18 ± 0.76 | 5.40 ± 0.56 | 5.07 ± 0.86 | 5.04 ± 0.83 | 5.02 ± 0.88 | 5.30 ± 0.96 | 4.82 ± 0.82 | 5.02 ± 0.92 | 5.04 ± 0.80 | 5.23 ± 0.92 |
| K232 | 0.94 ± 0.11 | 0.90 ± 0.15 | 0.92 ± 0.10 | 0.95 ± 0.13 | 0.95 ± 0.14 | 0.94 ± 0.13 | 0.95 ± 0.12 | 0.95 ± 0.12 | 0.94 ± 0.13 | 0.95 ± 0.12 | 0.93 ± 0.15 | 0.98 ± 0.10 | 0.95 ± 0.12 |
| K270 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.13 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.12 ± 0.03 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.03 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.01 |
| Quality category | Extra-virgin | ||||||||||||
| Site climatic data | |||||||||||||
| Month | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | |
| Average maximum temperatures (°C) | 2012 | 16.30 | 14.90 | 20.90 | 19.60 | 29.90 | 32.90 | 35.40 | 35.90 | 30.70 | 25.48 | 16.67 | 15.25 |
| 2013 | 15.51 | 15.52 | 15.59 | 22.70 | 25.19 | 32.30 | 37.53 | 37.97 | 30.83 | 26.80 | 19.00 | 16.70 | |
| Average minimum temperatures (°C) | 2012 | 4.20 | 2.90 | 6.80 | 8.40 | 14.10 | 17.40 | 18.40 | 18.90 | 16.80 | 12.52 | 16.67 | 15.25 |
| 2013 | 9.29 | 8.84 | 9.96 | 15.50 | 16.81 | 22.63 | 29.23 | 29.67 | 22.89 | 13.90 | 8.30 | 5.40 | |
| Total rainfall (mm) | 2012 | 35.50 | 13.00 | 20.00 | 105.00 | 12.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 136.50 | 156.00 | 56.00 |
| 2013 | 98.50 | 76.50 | 177.00 | 45.50 | 32.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 32.50 | 8.00 | 89.00 | 42.00 | |
| Soil characteristics | |||||||||||||
| Depth (cm) | pH (H2O) | Clay (%) | Slit (%) | Sand (%) | CaCO3 (%) | Humus (%) | Al–P2O5 (mg/kg) | Al–K2O (mg/kg) | Copper (mg/kg) | Zinc (mg/kg) | Iron (mg/kg) | Manganese (mg/kg) | |
| Horizon 1 | 0–30 | 8.50 | 68.30 | 23.80 | 7.90 | 1.70 | 2.59 | 12.00 | 493.00 | 2.91 | 0.36 | 7.98 | 591.00 |
| Horizon 2 | 30–60 | 8.60 | 64.50 | 25.40 | 10.10 | 2.80 | 1.87 | 2.00 | 246.00 | 1.00 | 0.13 | 7.51 | 417.00 |