Table 3.

Examples of the targeted therapies which are already under evaluation in clinical trials for eight studied markers.

Marker	Full Name	Target Drugs	Citation
sEGFR	soluble epidermal growth factor receptor	Gefitinib; Erlotinib; Cetuximab	Murphy et al. [18]; Secord et al. [19]
sHER-2/neu	human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 erbB-2, ERBB2	Trastuzumab (Herceptin)	Ray-Coquard et al. [20]
HGF	hepatocyte growth factor	Rilotumumab	Martin et al. [21]
FGF-basic	basic fibroblast growth factor	Nintedanib (VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR inhibitor); Pazopanib (VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR inhibitor); Lucitanib (VEGFR 1–3 and FGFR 1–2 inhibitor)	Ivy et al. [22]
PDGF-AB/BB	platelet-derived growth factor—a dimeric glycoprotein composed of two A (-AA) or two B (-BB) chains or a combination of the two (-AB)	Cediranib (VEGFR 1–3, PDGFR inhibitor); Sorafenib (VEGFR, PDGFR inhibitor); Sunitinib (VEGFR, PDGFR, SCF inhibitor); Nintedanib (VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR inhibitor); Pazopanib (VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR inhibitor); Imatinib (PDGFRs and SCF inhibitor)	Ivy et al. [22]; Choi et al. [23]
sVEGFR-1 (sVEGFR1/sFLT1)	soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1	Cediranib (VEGFR 1–3, PDGFR inhibitor); Sorafenib (VEGFR, PDGFR inhibitor); Sunitinib (VEGFR, PDGFR inhibitor); Nintedanib (VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR inhibitor); Pazopanib (VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR inhibitor); Lucitanib (VEGFR 1–3 and FGFR 1–2 inhibitor)	Ivy et al. [22]
sVEGFR-2	soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2
SCF	stem cell factor	Imatinib (PDGFRs and SCF inhibitor); Sunitinib (VEGFR, PDGFR, SCF inhibitor)	Choi et al. [23]; Yasuda et al. [24]