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. 2017 Jan 11;18(1):130. doi: 10.3390/ijms18010130

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© 2017 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Expression of aldehyde dehydrogenases (aldh1a2 and aldh1a3), encoding key enzymes for retinoic acid (RA) synthesis, is decreased in PBZ-treated embryos. Whole-mount in situ hybridization was used to examine the expression of aldh1a2 (A–D) and aldh1a3 (E–H) in the eyes of 48 hpf zebrafish embryos treated with (A,E) 0.1% DMSO (control) or with (B,F) 0.1 ppm, (C,G) 1 ppm, or (D,H) 5 ppm of PBZ. (I,J) Quantitative PCR analysis of the aldh1a2 (I) and aldh1a3 (J) mRNA levels in embryos treated with 0.1% DMSO or 0.1, 1, or 5 ppm PBZ at 48 hpf. Each group contains at least 20 embryos; Scale bar: 50 μm. Error bars represent standard deviation. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test; ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001.