Table 2.

Quantitative Analysis of Viscous Energy Loss and Kinetic Energy during LV Filling

	Controls (N = 30)	Patients (N = 32)	P‐Value
${\dot{\text{EL}}}_{\mathrm{E}-\text{avg}}$ (W/m3)	6.6 [5.5–9.0]	12.2 ± 7.2	<0.001
${\dot{\text{EL}}}_{\mathrm{A}-\text{avg}}$ (W/m3)	3.9 ± 2.2	8.1 ± 3.8a	<0.001
${\dot{\text{EL}}}_{\mathrm{E}-\text{peak}}$ (W/m3)	14.7 ± 4.6	18.3 [13.9–28.6]	0.002
${\dot{\text{EL}}}_{\mathrm{A}-\text{peak}}$ (W/m3)	5.1 ± 2.8	10.4 ± 5.3 a	<0.001
${\dot{\text{EL}}}_{\mathrm{E}/\mathrm{A}}$	3.4 ± 1.6	1.9 [1.3–2.9] a	0.003
${\text{EL}}_{\text{diastole}}$ (J/m3)	2.7 [2.3‐3.2]	4.9 ± 2.0	<0.001
$\text{abs}\_{\text{EL}}_{\text{diastole}}$ (mJ)	0.24 [0.19–0.28]	0.37 [0.26–0.53]	<0.001
${\text{KE}}_{\mathrm{E}-\text{avg}}$ (J/m3)	25.1 ± 7.8	34.1 ± 18.8	0.03
${\text{KE}}_{\mathrm{A}-\text{avg}}$ (J/m3)a	9.3 [7.0–13.2]	21.4 ± 11.2 a	<0.001
${\text{KE}}_{\mathrm{E}-\text{peak}}$ (J/m3)	57.2 ± 16.6	55.2 [46.4–76.5]	0.65
${\text{KE}}_{\mathrm{A}-\text{peak}}$ (J/m3)a	15.9 ± 8.0	28.9 ± 16.0 a	<0.001
$\text{abs}\_{\text{KE}}_{\mathrm{E}-\text{peak}}$ (mJ)	5.0 ± 1.9	5.5 ± 2.7	0.73
$\text{abs}\_{\text{KE}}_{\mathrm{A}-\text{peak}}$ (mJ)a	1.3 ± 0.5	2.26 [1.3–3.2] a	<0.001

^aTwo patients had no A‐wave and were excluded.