Table 5.

Viscous Energy Loss in Corrected‐AVSD Patients with Normal or Abnormal E‐Peak Vortex Ring Orientation and/or Radial Position

	Phase	N	Vortex Orientation (degrees)	${\dot{\text{EL}}}_{\mathrm{E}-\text{avg}}$ (W/m3)	${\dot{\text{EL}}}_{\mathrm{A}-\text{avg}}$ (W/m3)	${\text{EL}}_{\text{diastole}}$ (J/m3)
Patients with Orientation within 95%CI	E‐filling	9	71 ± 10a	8.4 ± 1.8a	8.3 ± 3.9b	3.8 [2.6–4.0]c
	A‐filling	10	71 ± 7a	9.7 ± 2.6b	6.7 ± 3.9b	3.7 ± 0.8b
Patients with Orientation below 95%CI	E‐filling	14	37 ± 11b	10.0 ± 3.2b	8.3 ± 4.2b	4.4 ± 1.30b
	A‐filling	9	35 ± 13b	10.0 ± 3.7b	8.3 ± 4.0b	4.8 ± 1.1b
Patients with Orientation above 95%CI	E‐filling	3	118 ± 16b	16.1 ± 5.2b	8.1 ± 5.3c	5.8 ± 1.6b
	A‐filling	0	–		–	–

		N	Normalized radial position	${\dot{\text{EL}}}_{\mathrm{E}-\text{avg}}$ (W/m3)	${\dot{\text{EL}}}_{\mathrm{A}-\text{avg}}$ (W/m3)	ELdiastole(J/m3)
Patients with radial position within 95%CI	E‐filling	20	0.29 ± 0.06a	9.5 [7.4–12.5]b	8.1 ± 4.1b	4.1 ± 1.4b
	A‐filling	12	0.25 ± 0.07a	10.5 ± 3.4b	6.5 ± 3.3b	4.0(3.4‐5.2)b
Patients radial position below 95%CI	E‐filling	0	–	–	–	–
	A‐filling	0	–	–	–	–
Patients with radial position above 95%CI	E‐filling	6	0.43 ± 0.03b	9.0 ± 1.8c	8.8 ± 4.2b	4.6 ± 1.0b
	A‐filling	7	0.47 ± 0.04b	8.7 ± 2.0c	9.3 ± 4.5b	4.2 ± 0.7b
Patients with both radial position and orientation within 95%CI	E‐filling	8	0.28 ± 0.05a	8.5 ± 1.9a	7.8+‐3.9b	3.7 [2.5–4.0]c
	A‐filling	7	0.25 ± 0.08a	9.6 ± 2.9c	4.8 ± 1.7c	3.±1.0c

^a P > 0.05.

^b P ≤ 0.01 when compared with controls.

^c0.01 < P < 0.05 when compared with controls.