Table 4.
Logistic regression model of risk factors for transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRMs), 2010–2013
| Patient characteristics | Total | TDRMs [n (%)] | Univariate OR | Multivariate OR | 95% CI | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSM | ||||||
| 2010 | 1977 | 194 (9.8) | Ref | Ref | – | 0.06 |
| 2011 | 2022 | 183 (9.1) | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.73–1.11 | |
| 2012 | 2057 | 166 (8.1) | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.63–0.98 | |
| 2013 | 1477 | 111 (7.5) | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.56–0.94 | |
| Heterosexual male | ||||||
| 2010 | 826 | 58 (7.0) | Ref | Ref | – | 0.51 |
| 2011 | 809 | 44 (5.4) | 0.76 | 0.73 | 0.49–1.10 | |
| 2012 | 618 | 38 (6.1) | 0.87 | 0.83 | 0.54–1.27 | |
| 2013 | 580 | 38 (6.6) | 0.93 | 0.89 | 0.57–1.36 | |
| Heterosexual female | ||||||
| 2010 | 1145 | 75 (6.6) | Ref | Ref | – | 0.86 |
| 2011 | 1018 | 68 (6.7) | 1.02 | 1.00 | 0.71–1.41 | |
| 2012 | 825 | 53 (6.4) | 0.98 | 0.95 | 0.66–1.38 | |
| 2013 | 647 | 38 (5.9) | 0.89 | 0.85 | 0.56–1.28 | |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 8169 | 682 (8.3) | Ref | Ref | 0.16 | |
| Black African | 3932 | 250 (6.4) | 0.75 | 0.86 | 0.71–1.06 | |
| Black Caribbean | 565 | 35 (6.2) | 0.72 | 0.78 | 0.54–1.12 | |
| Asian | 720 | 50 (6.9) | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.61–1.12 | |
| Other | 1139 | 107 (9.4) | 1.14 | 1.12 | 0.90–1.40 | |
| Age at diagnosis | ||||||
| 15–24 years | 1907 | 137 (7.2) | 0.85 | 0.82 | 0.68–0.99 | 0.07 |
| 25–39 years | 7232 | 603 (8.3) | Ref | Ref | – | |
| 40–49 years | 3307 | 234 (7.1) | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.73–1.00 | |
| ≥50 years | 1757 | 119 (6.8) | 0.80 | 0.85 | 0.70–1.05 | |
| Region | ||||||
| London | 7493 | 640 (8.5) | Ref | Ref | – | <0.01a |
| South England | 2175 | 150 (6.9) | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.66–0.98 | |
| North England | 2237 | 196 (8.8) | 1.03 | 1.02 | 0.84–1.22 | |
| Midlands and East England | 3208 | 165 (5.1) | 0.58 | 0.60 | 0.49–0.73 | |
| Wales | 441 | 20 (4.5) | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.32–0.81 | |
| Scotland | 435 | 34 (7.8) | 0.91 | 0.86 | 0.59–1.25 | |
| Northern Ireland | 252 | 11 (4.4) | 0.49 | 0.48 | 0.26–0.89 | |
| Baseline CD4 count | ||||||
| <200 cells/mL | 3249 | 235 (7.2) | 0.88 | 1.00 | 0.82–1.23 | 0.8 |
| 200–349 cells/mL | 2508 | 178 (7.1) | 0.86 | 0.91 | 0.74–1.12 | |
| 350–499 cells/mL | 2528 | 206 (8.1) | Ref | Ref | – | |
| ≥500 cells/mL | 3342 | 278 (8.3) | 1.02 | 0.98 | 0.81–1.26 | |
| Baseline VL | ||||||
| <4.0 log10 copies/mL | 1262 | 111 (8.8) | 1.09 | 1.13 | 0.88–1.45 | 0.6 |
| 4.0 to <5.0 log10 copies/mL | 2396 | 195 (8.1) | Ref | Ref | – | |
| ≥5.0 log10 copies/mL | 2268 | 185 (8.2) | 1.00 | 1.02 | 0.82–1.26 | |
| RITA | ||||||
| Nonrecent | 4864 | 358 (7.4) | Ref | – | – | |
| Recent | 1098 | 94 (8.6) | 1.18 | – | – | |
CI, confidence interval; MSM, men who have sex with men; OR, odds ratio; RITA, Recent Infection Testing Algorithm; VL, viral load.
a
Injecting drug users and other transmission groups are included in the multivariate model but not presented here.