Table 1. Two- and three-factor PERMANOVA results (%ECV—the estimated components of variation expressed as a percentage of the total variation) for the environmental and the zooplankton descriptor sets (univariate and multivariate).

		LAT	LON	WL	LATxLON	LATxWL	LONxWL	LATxLONxWL	Residual
Hydrography	df	1	2	4	2	4	8	8	54
Temperature		1.1	18.1**	34.9**	2.9*	7.8**	11.4**	17.2**	6.5
Salinity		7.9*	0.0	53.3**	4.8	0.0	0.0	7.6	26.4
Pelagic protist	df	1	2	-	2	-	-	-	11
Chlorophyll a		0.0	13.2	-	0.0	-	-	-	86.8
Total biomass		0.0	13.9	-	0.0	-	-	-	86.1
Community structure		56.6*	4.7	-	0.0	-	-	-	38.7
Zooplankton	df	1	2	4	2	4	8	8	54
Standing stock–TA		7.8*	0	53.3**	4.8	0.0	0.0	7.6	26.4
Standing stock–TB		5.4	0.0	54.2**	4.2	0.0	0.0	8.3	27.8
Community structure		12.5**	9.4**	31.1**	8.7**	10.8**	7.8**	0.0	19.4
C. finmarchicus abundance		5.6*	10.4*	28.3*	2.3	0.0	13.2	0.0	40.0
C. finmarchicus—stage composition		11.7*	9.9*	28.8*	3.4	13.3*	7.1	0.0	25.6
C. finmarchicus—stage index		15.2*	11.6*	24.0*	0.0	19.7*	7.1	0.0	22.5
Structural diversity (richness)—Ho		0.0	0.0	51.3**	7.5*	3.6	9.2*	9.3	18.9
Structural diversity (evenness)—Hinf		18.5**	2.7	34.5**	0.0	17.9**	0.0	0.6	25.8
Trophic diversity—TD-1		0.0	6.1	26.8**	12.1*	11.7	16.2**	0.0	26.9

LAT—latitudinal section; LON—longitudinal region; WL—water layer; df—degrees of freedom.

Significant effects: *p<0.05; **p<0.001.

Detailed results of PERMANOVA analysis are presented in S2 and S3 Tables.