Table 1.
Patient characteristics, device utilisation ratio and compliance with care bundle in the baseline and intervention periods.
| Patient characteristics | Baseline period | Intervention period | RR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study period by hospital in months, mean (range) | 3 | 19.2 (16–21) | – | – |
| Patients (n) | 785 | 2984 | – | – |
| Bed-days* (n) | 4632 | 27,227 | – | – |
| CL-days† (n) | 4468 | 19,770 | – | – |
| Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 46.4 (25.2) | 43.1 (25.6) | – | 0.001 |
| Male (n, %) | 531 (68%) | 2102 (70%) | – | 0.522 |
| Type of hospitalisation | ||||
| Medical (n, %) | 216 (55%) | 1688 (60%) | – | 0.058 |
| Surgical (n, %) | 179 (45%) | 1131 (40%) | – | 0.058 |
| Process surveillance of components of Bundle to prevent CLABSI | ||||
| Hand hygiene compliance before CL insertion or manipulation (%, n/n) | 29% (17/59) | 72% (719/999) | 0.53 (0.35–0.81) | 0.004 |
| Insertion of CL using maximum sterile barrier precautions (%, n/n) | 100% (107/107) | 88% (881/1003) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 0.357 |
| Skin antisepsis with chlorhexidine (%, n/n) | 95% (102/107) | 87% (876/1003) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.542 |
| Daily assessment of the need of CL (%, n/n) | 62% (66/107) | 84% (847/1003) | 0.83 (0.7–1.0) | 0.068 |
| CL DUR‡ | 0.96 | 0.73 | – | 0.001 |
| Compliance with date on administration set (%, n/n) | 100% (107/107) | 96% (959/1003) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.753 |
| Compliance with placed dressing (%, n/n) | 100% (107/107) | 96% (959/1003) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.753 |
| Use of transparent dressing (%, n/n) | 100% (107/107) | 90% (906/1003) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.472 |
| Use of gauze dressing (%, n/n) | 0% | 6% (58/1003) | 0.08 (0.01–1.3) | 0.081 |
| Compliance with optimal condition of dressing (%, n/n) | 100% (107/107) | 96% (958/1003) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.748 |
| Daily bath with a 2% chlorhexidine-impregnated washcloth (%, n/n) | 24% (26/107) | 52% (524/1003) | 0.57 (0.4–0.8) | 0.001 |
CI, confidence interval; CL, central line; CLABSI, central-line associated bloodstream infection; DUR, device utilisation ratio; RR, relative risk; SD, standard deviation.
*
Bed-days are the total number of days that patients are in the ICU during the selected time period.
†
CL-days are the total number of days of exposure to central lines by all of the patients in the selected population during the selected time period.
‡
DUR: CL-days divided by the number of bed-days.