Table 1.

Induction treatment in newly diagnosed transplant-eligible multiple myeloma.

Study by induction regimen	Treatment schema	Number of patients	Post-induction (%)		Post-transplant (%)		Long-term outcomes (%)
			ORR	CR /VGPR	ORR	CR /VGPR
GIMEMA Cavo et al. [2012]
VTd	VTd × 3-ASCT Mel200 × 2-VTd × 2-Dm	236	93	19 CR 62 ⩾ VGPR	93	42 CR 82 ⩾ VGPR	3-year PFS: 68 3-year OS: 86
versus
Td	Td × 3-ASCT Mel200 × 2-Td × 2-Dm	238	79	5 CR 28 ⩾ VGPR	84	30 CR 64 ⩾ VGPR	3-year PFS: 56 3-year OS: 84
IFM Moreau et al. [2011a]
Vd	Vd × 3-ASCT Mel200	99	81	36 ⩾ VGPR	86	58 ⩾ VGPR	Median PFS: 30 months
versus
VTd	VTd × 3-ASCT Mel200	100	88	49 ⩾ VGPR	89	74 ⩾ VGPR	Median PFS: 26 months
SWOG S0777 Durie et al. [2015]
VRd	VRd × 8-Rdm	242	82	CR 16	NA	NA	Median PFS: 43 months Median OS: 75 months
versus
Rd	Rd × 6-Rdm	232	72	CR 8	NA	NA	Median PFS: 30 months Median OS: 64 months
Reeder et al. [2009]
VCd (CyBorD)	VCd × 4-ASCT Mel200	33	88	39 CR/nCR 61 ⩾ VGPR	NR	70 CR/nCR 74 ⩾ VGPR	NR
HOVON-65/GMMG-HD4 Sonneveld [2015]
VAD	VAd × 3-VAD × 3-ASCT Mel200-Tm × 2 year	414	54	2 CR 14 ⩾ VGPR	75	9 CR 36 ⩾ VGPR	Median PFS: 28 months 5-year OS: 55
versus
PAD	PAd × 3-PAD × 3-ASCT Mel200-Vm × 2 year	413	78	7 CR 42 ⩾ VGPR	88	21 CR 62 ⩾ VGPR	Median PFS: 35 months 5-year OS: 61
EVOLUTION Kumar et al. [2012]
VRd	VRd × 4-ASCT Mel200 versus VRd × 4-Vmx4	42	73	7 CR 32 ⩾ VGPR	NR	NR	1-year PFS: 83 1-year OS: 100
versus
VCd	VCd × 4-ASCT Mel200 versus VCd × 4-Vmx4	33	63	3 CR 13 ⩾ VGPR	NR	NR	1-year PFS: 93 1-year OS: 100
versus
VdCR	VdCR × 4-ASCT Mel200 versus VdCR × 4-Vm × 4-Rm (off protocol)	48	80	5 CR 33 ⩾ VGPR	NR	NR	1-year PFS: 86 1-year OS: 92
versus
VCd-mod	VCd-mod × 4-ASCT Mel200 versus VCd-mod × 4-Vm × 4	17	82	12 CR 41 ⩾ VGPR	NR	NR	1-year PFS: 100 1-year OS: 100
IFM 2013-14 Moreau et al. [2015b]
VTd	VTd × 4-ASCT	170	92	11 CR 67 ⩾ VGPR	NR	NR	NR
versus
VCd	VCd × 4-ASCT	170	84	9.5 CR 56 ⩾ VGPR	NR	NR	NR

ASCT, autologous stem cell transplant; CR, complete response; D_m, dexamethasone maintenance; NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; ORR, overall response rate; OS, overall survival; PAd, bortezomib-doxorubicin-dexamethasone; PFS, progression-free survival; Rd_m, lenalidomide-dexamethasone maintenance; Td, thalidomide-dexamethasone; T_m, thalidomide maintenance; VAd, vincristine-doxorubicin-dexamethasone; VCd, bortezomib-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone; Vd, bortezomib-dexamethasone; VdCR, bortezomib-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone-lenalidomide; VGPR, very good partial response; V_m, bortezomib maintenance; VRd, bortezomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone; VTd, bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone.