Table 3.
Treatment regiments for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.
| Study by induction regimen | Treatment schema | Number of prior antimyeloma therapies | Number of patients | Overall response rate (%) | Long-term outcomes (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MM-09/MM-010 Dimopoulos et al. [2007] |
|||||
| Rd | Rd until PD | ⩾1 | 176 | 60 | Median OS: 29.6 months |
| versus | |||||
| D | D until PD | ⩾1 | 175 | 24 | Median OS: 20.2 months |
| MM-003 San Miguel et al. [2013] |
|||||
| Pd | Pd until PD | ⩾2, with R and V | 302 | 31 | Median PFS: 4 monthsMedian OS: 12.7 months |
| versus | |||||
| D | D until PD | ⩾2, including with R and V | 153 | 10 | Media PFS: 1.9 months Median OS: 8.1 months |
| PX-171-003-A1 Siegel et al. [2012] |
|||||
| Carfilzomib | Carfilzomib × 12 | ⩾1 | 257 | 23.7 | Median PFS: 3.7 months Median OS: 15.6 months |
| ENDEAVOR Dimopoulos et al. [2015b] |
|||||
| Kd | Kd until PD | 1–3 | 464 | 77 | Median PFS: 18.7 months |
| versus | |||||
| Vd | Vd until PD | 1–3 | 465 | 63 | Median PFS: 9.4 months |
| Richardson et al. 2014 | |||||
| VRd | VRd × 8-VRdm | 1–3 | 64 | 64 | Median PFS: 9.5 months Median OS: 30 months |
| ASPIRE Stewart et al. [2015] |
|||||
| KRd | KRd until PD | 1–3 | 396 | 87.1 | Median PFS: 26.3 months 2-year OS: 73.3 |
| versus | |||||
| Rd | Rd until PD | 1–3 | 396 | 66.7 | Median PFS: 17.6 months 2-year OS: 65 |
| Martin et al. [2013] | |||||
| CyPD | CyPD until PD | R refractory | 70 | 48.5 | Median PFS: 6.4 months |
| TOURMALINE-MM1 Moreau et al. [2015d] |
|||||
| IRd | IRd until PD | 1–3 | 360 | 78.3 | Median PFS: 20.6 months |
| versus | |||||
| Rd | Rd until PD | 1–3 | 362 | 71.5 | Median PFS: 14.7 months |
| ELOQUENT-2 Lonial et al. [2015] |
|||||
| Elotuzumab + Rd | Elo + Rd until PD | 1–3 | 321 | 79 | Median PFS: 19.4 months 1-year PFS: 68 2-year PFS: 41 Median OS: 43.7 |
| versus | |||||
| Rd | Rd until PD | 1–3 | 325 | 66 | Median PFS: 14.9 months 1-year PFS: 57 2-year PFS: 27 Median OS: 39.6 months |
| SIRIUS Lonial et al. [2016] |
|||||
| Daratumumab | DARA until PD | ⩾3, including PI and IMiD, or PI/IMiD double refractory | 124 | 29.2 | Median PFS: 3.7 months 1-year OS: 64.8 Median OS: 17.5 months |
| MMY1001 Chari et al. [2015] |
|||||
| Daratumumab + Pd | DARA + Pd until PD | ⩾2, including lenalidomide and bortezomib | 77 | 58.5 | NR |
| PANORAMA-1 San Miguel et al. [2013] |
|||||
| Panobinostat + Vd | Panobinostat + Vd ×12 | 1–3 | 387 | 60.7 | Median PFS: 12 months 2-year PFS: 20.6 |
| versus | |||||
| Vd | Vd × 12 | 1–3 | 381 | 54.6 | Median PFS: 8 months 2-year PFS: 8.4 |
Kd, carfilzomib-dexamethasone; CyPD, cyclophosphamide-pomalidomide-dexamethasone; D, dexamethasone; DARA, daratumumab; Elo, elotuzumab; IMiD, immunomodulator; IRd, ixazomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone; KRd, carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone; OS, overall survival; PD, progression of disease; Pd, pomalidomide-dexamethasone; PI, proteasome inhibitor; PFS, progression-free survival; R, lenalidomide; Rd, lenalidomide-dexamethasone; V, bortezomib; Vd, bortezomib-dexamethasone; VRd, bortezomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone; VRdm, bortezomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone maintenance.