Table 2.
Average annual age-adjusted all-cause and ID hospitalization rates of and rate ratios between AI/AN and non-AI/AN persons in Alaska, by hospitalization diagnosis and age group, 2010-2011a
| Hospitalization Diagnosis: ICD-9-CM Codesb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AI/AN Persons | Non-AI/AN Persons | |||||
| Age Group | % | Rate per 100 000 Populationc | % | Rate per 100 000 Populationc | Rate Ratio (95% CI)d | P Value |
| All-cause hospitalizations | ||||||
| All ages, y | 100 | 14 459 | 100 | 5873 | 2.5 (2.3-2.8) | <.001 |
| 0-19 | 21 | 6349 | 9 | 1882 | 3.4 (3.3-3.5) | <.001 |
| 20-49 | 43 | 13 201 | 40 | 4926 | 2.7 (2.6-2.7) | <.001 |
| ≥50 | 36 | 21 302 | 51 | 9139 | 2.3 (2.3-2.4) | <.001 |
| All IDs | ||||||
| All ages, y | 100 | 2697 | 100 | 730 | 3.7 (3.5-4.1) | <.001 |
| 0-19 | 36 | 2091 | 20 | 480 | 4.4 (4.1-4.7) | <.001 |
| 20-49 | 27 | 1583 | 26 | 393 | 4.0 (3.8-4.3) | <.001 |
| ≥50 | 37 | 4150 | 54 | 1144 | 3.6 (3.5-3.8) | <.001 |
| Tuberculosis: 010-018, 137 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 19 | |||||
| 0-19 | — | — | — | |||
| 20-49 | 29 | 11 | — | |||
| ≥50 | 68 | 50 | — | |||
| Septicemia: 038, 449, 771.81, 995.90-995.94 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 100 | 267 | 100 | 118 | 2.3 (2.0-2.8) | <.001 |
| 0-19 | 8 | 35 | 4 | 14 | 2.5 (1.6-3.8) | <.001 |
| 20-49 | 30 | 133 | 18 | 40 | 3.4 (2.7-4.2) | <.001 |
| ≥50 | 62 | 566 | 78 | 261 | 2.2 (1.9-2.5) | <.001 |
| HIV and AIDS: 042-044, 279.1 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 2 | |||||
| 0-19 | — | — | ||||
| 20-49 | — | 72 | 3 | |||
| ≥50 | — | — | ||||
| Hepatobiliary IDs: 070 095.3, 573.1, 573.2, 576.1 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 17 | 6 | 2.6 (1.3-3.6) | .006 | ||
| 0-19 | — | — | ||||
| 20-49 | — | 19 | 3 | |||
| ≥50 | 66 | 38 | 77 | 18 | 2.1 (1.3-3.4) | .004 |
| Mycoses: 110-118 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 2 | |||||
| 0-19 | — | — | ||||
| 20-49 | — | — | ||||
| ≥50 | 64 | 20 | 65 | 4 | ||
| Infections of the heart: 093, 391, 392.0, 393, 394.1, 395.0-395.2, 397.1, 397.9, 398, 421, 422.0, 424.9 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 14 | 100 | 4 | 3.9 (2.4-5.0) | <.001 | |
| 0-19 | — | — | ||||
| 20-49 | — | 32 | 3 | |||
| ≥50 | 62 | 29 | 68 | 8 | ||
| Upper respiratory tract infections: 032.0-032.3, 034.0, 098.6, 101 460-465, 473.0-474.0, 475, 784.91 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 100 | 67 | 100 | 16 | 4.1 (3.0-5.7) | <.001 |
| 0-19 | 56 | 111 | 62 | 37 | 3.0 (2.3-3.9) | <.001 |
| 20-49 | 36 | 71 | 24 | 9 | 8.3 (5.7-12.0) | <.001 |
| ≥50 | 8 | 34 | 14 | 2 | 4.6 (2.5-8.4) | <.001 |
| Lower respiratory tract infection: 022.1, 031.0, 033, 095.1, 466, 480-488, 510, 511.1, 513, 517.1, 770.0 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 100 | 1012 | 100 | 195 | 5.2 (4.7-6.0) | <.001 |
| 0-19 | 53 | 1181 | 32 | 195 | 6.1 (5.5-6.7) | <.001 |
| 20-49 | 9 | 191 | 12 | 45 | 4.3 (3.6-5.2) | <.001 |
| ≥50 | 38 | 1693 | 56 | 305 | 5.6 (5.1-6.1) | <.001 |
| Abdominal-rectal infections: 095.2, 098.7, 540-542, 566, 567.0-567.2, 569.5, 567.38 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 100 | 185 | 100 | 76 | 2.4 (2.1-2.9) | <.001 |
| 0-19 | 45 | 219 | 30 | 87 | 2.5 (2.1-3.0) | <.001 |
| 20-49 | 39 | 190 | 44 | 78 | 2.5 (2.1-2.9) | <.001 |
| ≥50 | 16 | 152 | 26 | 67 | 2.3 (1.8-2.9) | <.001 |
| Kidney, urinary tract, and bladder infections: 095.4, 099.4, 590, 595.0, 597, 598.0, 599.0 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 100 | 261 | 100 | 67 | 3.9 (3.3-5.7) | <.001 |
| 0-19 | 20 | 89 | 13 | 23 | 3.9 (2.9-5.3) | <.001 |
| 20-49 | 32 | 145 | 13 | 15 | 9.5 (7.3-12.5) | <.001 |
| ≥50 | 48 | 438 | 74 | 122 | 3.6 (3.1-4.2) | <.001 |
| Cellulitis: 680-686 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 100 | 426 | 100 | 83 | 5.1 (4.6-6.5) | <.001 |
| 0-19 | 24 | 217 | 11 | 33 | 6.5 (5.2-8.2) | <.001 |
| 20-49 | 41 | 381 | 38 | 66 | 5.8 (5.0-6.6) | <.001 |
| ≥50 | 35 | 659 | 51 | 134 | 4.9 (4.3-5.6) | <.001 |
| Enteric infection: 001-009 022.2 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 100 | 47 | 100 | 21 | 2.3 (1.5-3.1) | <.001 |
| 0-19 | 28 | 25 | 24 | 16 | 1.6 (1.0-2.5) | .06 |
| 20-49 | 28 | 25 | 18 | 7 | 3.5 (2.1-5.7) | <.001 |
| ≥50 | 44 | 79 | 58 | 35 | 2.2 (1.6-3.2) | <.001 |
| Infection and inflammatory reaction to prosthetic devices: 996.6, 999.31-999.33 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 49 | 100 | 33 | 1.5 (1.1-2.3) | .03 | |
| 0-19 | — | 6 | 7 | |||
| 20-49 | 33 | 31 | 21 | 15 | 2.1 (1.4-3.2) | <.001 |
| ≥50 | 59 | 111 | 73 | 77 | 1.4 (1.1 -1.9) | .01 |
| Postoperative infection: 998.5, 780.62, 708.66 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 100 | 66 | 100 | 25 | 2.6 (2.1-3.5) | <.001 |
| 0-19 | 9 | 12 | 7 | 7 | 1.8 (0.9-3.6) | .11 |
| 20-49 | 51 | 69 | 36 | 21 | 3.3 (2.5-4.5) | <.001 |
| ≥50 | 40 | 107 | 57 | 47 | 2.3 (1.7-3.1) | <.001 |
| Viral central nervous system infections: 045-049, 059.00, 059.09, 059.10, 059.11, 059.12, 059.19 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 18 | 5 | 3.7 (2.8-5.8) | <.001 | ||
| 0-19 | 59 | 33 | 40 | 7 | 4.6 (2.7-7.7) | <.001 |
| 20-49 | 35 | 20 | 42 | 5 | 4.3 (2.4-7.6) | <.001 |
| ≥50 | — | — | ||||
| Pelvic inflammatory diseasee: 614.0-614.5, 616.0, 616.1, 616.3, 616.4, 625.71 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 29 | 13 | 2.4 (1.6-4.0) | <.001 | ||
| 0-19 | 33 | 26 | 11 | |||
| 20-49 | 57 | 43 | 73 | 21 | 2.0 (1.3-3.3) | .004 |
| ≥50 | — | 16 | 7 | |||
| Oral infections: 522.4, 522.5, 522.7, 523.0, 523.3, 523.4, 527.3, 528.0-528.3 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 100 | 13 | 2 | 6.4 (2.9-13.5) | <.001 | |
| 0-19 | 49 | 17 | — | — | ||
| 20-49 | 44 | 15 | 52 | 3 | 5.8 (2.8-12.0) | <.001 |
| ≥50 | 7 | — | ||||
| Osteomyelitis: 730 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 100 | 29 | 100 | 8 | 3.7 (2.9-5.9) | <.001 |
| 0-19 | 19 | 13 | 6 | |||
| 20-49 | 36 | 23 | 36 | 6 | 3.7 (2.2-6.3) | <.001 |
| ≥50 | 45 | 59 | 58 | 15 | 4.0 (2.6-6.2) | <.001 |
| Infection in pregnancy: 634.0, 635.0, 636.0, 637.0, 638.0, 639.0, 646.5, 646.6, 647, 655.3, 658.4, 659.3, 670, 675 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 100 | 129 | 100 | 44 | 2.9 (2.7-3.4) | <.001 |
| 0-19 | 16 | 61 | 14 | 23 | 2.6 (1.6-4.3) | <.001 |
| 20-49 | 84 | 300 | 86 | 92 | 3.3 (2.7-4.0) | <.001 |
| ≥50 | — | — | ||||
| Other infectious diagnoses: 790.7, 079.99, 711.06, 421.0 | ||||||
| All ages, y | 100 | 113 | 100 | 38 | 3.0 (2.5-3.7) | <.001 |
| 0-19 | 32 | 81 | 26 | 35 | 2.4 (1.8-3.1) | <.001 |
| 20-49 | 32 | 81 | 26 | 20 | 4.0 (3.0-5.3) | <.001 |
| ≥50 | 36 | 188 | 48 | 57 | 3.3 (2.6-4.2) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: AI/AN, American Indian/Alaska Native; CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ID, infectious disease.
aData sources: Indian Health Service11 and Alaska State Inpatient Database12; hospitalization data for newborn infants with discharge diagnosis code for normal delivery not included; calculations of age-adjusted hospitalization rates for diagnosis and age groups with <20 hospitalizations not performed. Dash (—) indicates ≤10 observations in cell. Authors agreed not to report any statistics in which the number of observations in any given cell was ≤10; as a result, the total percentages for all ages for some of the ID diagnoses are not 100%. Data for the meningitis and selected perinatal infections hospitalizations are not represented in the table, because there were <10 total hospitalizations in each of these ID categories.
b International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification.13
cAverage annual hospitalization rates adjusted for age with the direct method, based on the 2000 US population as standard.15
dHospitalization: AI/AN to non-AI/AN.
eWomen only.