Table 9.

Summary of textile based temperature sensors.

Ref.	Proposition	Type	Fabrication Method	Temperature Range	Sensing Material	Sensitivity	Size	Substrate/Embedding Platform	Performance	Nominal Resistance
[160]	Polymer sensor	Thermistor	Screen printing		Carbon polymer paste			Polyamide foil Kapton	High flexibility, linear characteristic, high thermal resistance change
[166]	Optical fiber Bragg grating based sensor	Optical	Grinding, polishing	33 °C to 42 °C	Fiber Bragg grating	0.15 nm/°C		Encapsulated with polymer (copolymerization of unsaturated Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide (MEKP) and cobalt naphthenate) filled strip.	Accuracy ~± 0.18 °C
[165]	Printed sensors on flexible substrate	RTD	Screen printing	20 °C to 80 °C	PTC and NTC resistive pastes	0.025 V/°C at 37 °C	320 mm × 380 mm	Poly Ethylene Naphtalate (PEN)
[161]	Inkjet printed flexible sensor	Thermistor	Inkjet printing	20 °C to 60 °C	Silver	4.5 Ω/°C at 38.5 °C	2.85 cm × 2.26 cm	Polyimide substrate (Kapton HN)	Good linearity (coefficient of linearity ~ 0.9998) Hysteresis less than 5%	2.032 kΩ at 38.5 °C
[158]	Arrays of single sensors on a flexible substrate	RTD	Electron beam evaporation followed by photolitho-graphy	25°C to 90°C	Meander shaped structures of platinum	1.52 Ω/°C	67.5 mm × 67.5mm	Kapton E foils, Integrated into textile using weaving	The sensors damage at strong bending of around 11% due to cracking of the sensing lines
[164]	Sensors on paper substrate	RTD	Inkjet printing	−20 °C to 60 °C	Silver nano-particles		16 mm × 16 mm	Nano-porous oxide film coated paper	Good linearity with a TCR of 0.0011/°C, with perylene coating linearity, is 0.9999, resistivity 30 µΩ·cm	740 Ω with perylene coating
[159]	Embroidered sensors	RTD	Embroidery	20 °C to 100 °C	Conductive yarn made of austenitic Cr-Ni stainless steel wires	2.68 Ω/°C	90 mm × 90 mm	Embroidered on a textile substrate	Good resistance against washing cycles
[162]	Printed wearable sensor	RTD	Shadow mask printing	22 °C to 50 °C	Mixer of carbon nanotube and PEDOT:PSS	0.6 %/°C		SiO2-coated Kapton	Good stability, highly sensitive
[163]	Ultrasensitive wearable sensor	RTD	PECVD and polymer-assisted transfer method	35°C to 45°C	Grapheme nanowalls		20 mm × 10 mm	Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)	TCR = 0.214/°C, response time 1.6 s and recovery time 8.52 s	706.2 Ω at 25 °C
[153]	Flexible wireless sensors	RTD with integrated passive RFID antenna		35 °C to 42 °C	Ni microparticle- filled binary polymer (polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene oxide (PEO)) composites	0.1 to 0.3 V/°C			Accuracy ~± 2.7 °C
[157]	Temperature sensing fabric	RTD	Metal wire inlaid in the middle of a rib knitted structure	20 °C to 50 °C	Platinum wire, Diameter < 25 mm		8 cm × 8 cm	Polyester fabric	Coefficient linearity in the range of 0.99–0.999	3 Ω to 130 Ω