Table 11.

Key features of currently available wireless technologies.

Wireless Technology	Frequency Band	Range	Data Rate	Power Consumption	Maximum Number of Nodes Supported	Supported Network Topologies	Security	Modulation	Reference
RFID	13.56 MHz 860–960 MHz	0-3 m	640 kbps	200 mW	1 at a time	P2P (passive)	N/A	ASK, PSK, FSK	[73,74,196]
Bluetooth	2.4–2.5 GHz	1–100 m	1–3 Mbps	2.5–100 mW	1 master + 7 slave	P2P, star	56–128 bit key	GFSK	[29,30,45,59,66,87,90,91,92,93,104]
BLE	2.4–2.5 GHz	1–100 m	1 Mbps	10 mW	1 master + 7 slave	P2P, star	128-bit AES	GFSK	[28,88]
ZigBee	2.4–2.5 GHz	10–100 m	250 kbps	35 mW	65,533	P2P, star, tree and mesh	128-bit AES	OQPSK, BPSK	[70,99,100]
WiFi	2.4–2.5 GHz	150–200 m	54 Mbps	1 W	255	P2P, star	WEP, WPA, WPA2	BPSK, QPSK, QAM	[108]
UWB	3.1–10.6 GHz	3–10 m	53–480 Mbps	250 mW	1 master + 7 slave	P2P, star		BPPM, FSK
ANT	2.4–2.5 GHz	30 m	20–60 kbps	0.01–1 mW	65,533 in one channel	P2P, star, tree and mesh	64-bit key	GFSK	[10,19,188]
MICS	402–405 MHz	2 m	200–800 kbps	25 µW		P2P, star		FSK
IrDA	38 kHz	10 cm	1 Gbps		1 at a time	P2P
NFC	13.56 MHz	5 cm	424 kbps	15 mW	1 at a time	P2P	AES	ASK