Fig. 1. Millennial-scale variability in water isotopes and dust flux records during the past 720,000 years for comparison of Dome Fuji ice-core data with Dome C data.

(A) δ¹⁸O record from DF1 core (pink) (1, 2) and DF2 core (red; this study) (see Materials and Methods). (B) δD record from Dome C core (19) relative to VSMOW (Vienna standard mean ocean water). (C) Dome Fuji dust flux. DF1 for younger part (53) and DF2 for older part (this study). (D) Dome C dust flux (17). (E) Composite isotope record. (F) Low-pass filtered isotope records [cutoff periods, 3 ky (red line) and 18 ky (gray line)] shifted downward by 4 units for visibility. (G) AIMs detected primarily using low-pass filtered isotopic composite (red triangles) and those with additionally detected events, primarily using the Dome C dust record (purple triangles) (see text). (H) First derivative of (F) (solid green line) and threshold for AIM detection (black dotted line). (I) Second derivative of (F) (solid green line) and threshold for AIM detection (black dotted line). For (A), (B), (E), and (F), gray dashed lines indicate means. For (C) and (D), thin dotted lines indicate raw data, and thick lines indicate the 1000-year running average. Note the inverted axis scale for (C) and (D). Age scale for all records is the combination of DFO-2006 for the last three glacial cycles and AICC2012 for the older period (see Materials and Methods). BP, before present.