Figure 2. Helicobacter pylori in Ötzi the 5300 year-old Iceman.

Reads specific to Helicobacter pylori were detected via metagenomic analysis of DNA extracted from different regions of the gastrointestinal tract of Ötzi, the Tyrolean Iceman. In this figure, the area where the muscle control sample was obtained is highlighted as a diamond (picture on the left), whereas the gastrointestinal sampling sites are marked in the radiographic image using the following legend: asterisk, stomach content; circle, small intestine; square, upper large intestine; triangle, lower large intestine. The number of Helicobacter-specific reads per million metagenomic reads is indicated by the colored gradient bar on the right. (Credits: Maixner et al, Science, 2016. Fig.1 (71)).