Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants at screening
| Whole group (n=25) | Lean (n=12) | Overweight/obese (n=13) | P value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 27.5 ± 1.0 | 23.2 ± 0.4 | 31.5 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
| Age (y) | 39.8 ± 2.8 | 33.4 ± 3.7 | 45.8 ± 3.5 | 0.025 |
| Ethnicity A:C:O (n)** | 5:16:4 | 2:9:1 | 3:7:3 | 0.494 |
| Sex (M:F) (n) | 12:13 | 7:5 | 5:8 | 0.320 |
| Blood Samples | ||||
| Acetate (μmol/L) | 36 ± 4 | 42 ± 6 | 32 ± 5 | 0.230 |
| Propionate (μmol/L) | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.347 |
| Butyrate (μmol/L) | 0.40 ± 0.04 | 0.39 ± 0.04 | 0.41 ± 0.06 | 0.756 |
| Fasting Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.87 ± 0.84 | 4.76 ± 0.12 | 4.98 ± 0.11 | 0.202 |
| Fasting Insulin (pmol/L) | 43.1 ± 5.0 | 25.7 ± 3.0 | 57.77 ± 6.5 | <0.001 |
| Hematocrit | 0.40 ± 0.01 | 0.39 ± 0.01 | 0.40 ± 0.01 | 0.710 |
| AST (U/L) | 22.4 ± 1.4 | 21.7 ± 1.44 | 23.0 ± 2.31 | 0.657 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 3.3 ± 1.5 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 5.7 ± 2.8 | 0.098 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.70 ± 0.22 | 4.23 ± 0.19 | 5.11 ± 0.35 | 0.046 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.94 ± 0.10 | 0.68 ± 0.08 | 1.18 ± 0.15 | 0.009 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.47 ± 0.05 | 1.53 ± 0.09 | 1.41 ± 0.06 | 0.300 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.85 ± 0.18 | 2.46 ± 0.16 | 3.19 ± 0.28 | 0.038 |
Values are means ±SEM except for Ethnicity and sex which are number of subjects.
*
Significance of difference between Lean and Overweight/obese groups;
**
A=Asian; C=Caucasian; O=Other