Table 4.

The mean serum SCFA, glucose, insulin, C-peptide and free-fatty acid (FFA) responses elicited by the test meals of the 3 visits in lean vs. overweight and obese participants

Variable	Time	Lean (n=12)	Overweight and obese (n=13)	P value*
Acetate (μmol×h/L)	iAUC min6	46.2 + 6.1	56.7 + 9	0.319
	tAUC 0–6h	158.2 + 14	152.2 + 19.8	0.799
Propionate (μmol×h/L)	iAUC min6	1.3 + 0.2	1.2 + 0.2	0.386
	tAUC 0–6h	6.9 + 0.5	6.5 + 0.5	0.254
Butyrate (μmol×h/L)	iAUC min6	0.5 + 0.1	0.6 + 0.1	0.78
	tAUC 0–6h	2.3 + 0.1	2.7 + 0.3	0.617
Glucose (mmol×h/L)	iAUC 0–2h	3.3 ± 0.5	4.8 ± 0.8	0.076
	iAUC 2–4h	−1.1 ± 0.2	−0.7 ± 0.4	0.663
	tAUC 4–6h	11.7 ± 0.4	11.0 ± 0.3	0.208
FFA (mEq×h/L)	tAUC 0–4h	0.97 ± 0.11	1.07 ± 0.08	0.425
	tAUC 4–6h	0.45 ± 0.03	0.57 ± 0.04	0.038
	iAUC min4	0.19 ± 0.05	0.17 ± 0.03	0.699
Insulin (pmol×h/L)	iAUC 0–2h	65.5 ± 738	152.8 ± 30.6	0.005
	iAUC 2–4h	16.1 ± 3.1	43.5 ± 16.5	0.166
	tAUC 4–6h	49.5 ± 5.3	96.2 ± 14.4	0.002
C-peptide (pmol×h/L)	iAUC 0–2h	2139 ± 138	3250 ± 324	0.001
	iAUC 2–4h	698 ± 108.7	1410 ± 304.6	0.136
	tAUC 4–6h	2030 ± 133.5	3056 ± 291	0.001

Values are mean ± SEM;

^*, P value for the difference between the lean group to the overweight and obese group; FFA, free fatty acids; iAUC, incremental area under the curve; min4, measured from nadir to 4h; tAUC, total area under the curve