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. 2017 Feb 9;8:148. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00148

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Copyright © 2017 Wu, Sakthikumar, Dong, Zhang, Cuomo and Park.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Demographic map showing collection sites and phylogenic tree of 20 Pt isolates constructed with 578,967 SNPs by PAUP^*. (A) Demographic map showing location and region of sample collection sites. Red, blue, pink, and green dots represent region 1, 2, 3, and 9, respectively. P represents for the pair, Av for avirulent on Lr20, and V for virulent on Lr20. For example, P11Av represents for the avirulent isolate of pair 11. (B) Maximum Parsimony and “hetequal” substitution model were used and 1000 bootstrap replicates were applied for tree building. Each isolate was labelled in order of isolate number, mutant pair number, and virulence to Lr20. Gain of virulence of Lr20 was abbreviated as “GofV_LR20.”