Table 7.
Behavior | Measure | Novel environment (5 weeks) | Novel object (6 weeks) | Novel object (8 weeks) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Exploration | D | Wolves > Dogs | Wolves > Dogs | Wolves > Dogs |
Self-play | L | Wolves = Dogs | NA | NA |
Contact/interaction object | L | NA | Wolves > Dogs* | Wolves > Dogs* |
Lat | NA | Wolves = Dogs | Wolves = Dogs | |
F | NA | Wolves > Dogs* | Wolves > Dogs* | |
D | NA | Wolves > Dogs | Wolves > Dogs | |
Contact experimenter | L | NA | Wolves = Dogs | Wolves = Dogs |
Lat | NA | Wolves = Dogs | Wolves = Dogs | |
Proximity people | D | Wolves = Dogs | Wolves = Dogs | Wolves = Dogs |
Lat | Wolves = Dogs | NA | NA | |
Stress behaviors | L | NA | Wolves = Dogs | Wolves > Dogs |
F | Wolves = Dogs | Wolves = Dogs | Wolves > Dogs | |
Fear behaviors | L | Wolves = Dogs | Wolves = Dogs | Wolves = Dogs |
D | Wolves = Dogs | Wolves = Dogs | Wolves = Dogs | |
Proximity exit | D | Wolves = Dogs | Wolves = Dogs | Wolves = Dogs |
Vocalizations | L | NA | Dogs > Wolves | Dogs > Wolves |
F | Wolves = Dogs | Wolves = Dogs | Wolves = Dogs |
indicates a trend p < 0.08. L, Likelihood; Lat, Latency; D, Duration; F, Frequency. Species differences are highilighted in bold.