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. 2017 Feb 9;8:60. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00060

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Copyright © 2017 Wang, Shi, Shen, Xu, Wang, Meng, Wang, Tang and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Relative expression levels of several sHSPs in Harmonia axyridis in different development stages. Experimental population is used for this trial. (A) Hsp36.77. (B) Hsp16.25. (C) Hsp21.00. (D) Hsp21.62. (E) Hsp10.87. (F) Hsp21.56.Changes in H. axyridis sHSPs mRNA levels from day 1 of fourth-instar larvae to adult stage in relation to those of Harp49 (H. axyridis ribosomal protein 49 gene) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. 4, fourth-instar larva; PP, pre-pupae; P, pupae; and A, adult. Each combination of letters and numbers represents the age of the individual at a certain developmental stage (e.g., 4.1: the 1st day of fourth-instar larva). Data are presented as means ± s.d. (n = 3). Bars with different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) and used Tukey's test, α = 0.05, a > b > c.