Table 2.

Association of urinary Cd with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the Strong Heart Study

Trait/Models	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	Mean blood pressure difference by lnCd levels (SE)	P	Mean blood pressure difference by lnCd levels (SE)	P	Mean blood pressure difference by lnCd levels (SE)	P
Overall sample (n=3714)
Systolic blood pressure	−0.01 (0.52)	0.98	1.11 (0.54)	0.037	1.64 (0.54)	0.002
Diastolic blood pressure	−0.62 (0.27)	0.02	0.05 (0.28)	0.85	0.30 (0.28)	0.29
Current smokers (n=1,272)*
Systolic blood pressure	−0.77 (0.93)	0.41	0.84 (0.96)	0.38	1.38 (0.97)	0.16
Diastolic blood pressure	−1.13 (0.51)	0.03	−0.16 (0.53)	0.77	0.16 (0.53)	0.77
Light- and never-smokers (n=2,627)
Systolic blood pressure	1.01 (0.63)	0.11	1.57 (0.64)	0.01	2.03 (0.64)	0.002
Diastolic blood pressure	0.37 (0.32)	0.25	0.75 (0.33)	0.02	0.94 (0.33)	0.004
Never smokers (n=1260)**
Systolic blood pressure	0.57 (0.91)	0.63	0.85 (0.91)	0.93	1.22 (0.91)	0.18
Diastolic blood pressure	0.32 (0.46)	0.70	0.51 (0.46)	0.27	0.66 (0.46)	0.15
Among individuals not taking blood pressure medications (n=2,856)
Systolic blood pressure	0.35 (0.52)	0.50	1.41 (0.53)	0.008	1.57 (0.54)	0.004
Diastolic blood pressure	−0.55 (0.28)	0.05	0.05 (0.29)	0.86	0.16 (0.29)	0.58

Model 1, adjusted for age, sex, geographic area; Model 2, additionally adjusted for BMI and smoking (ever vs. never, and cumulative pack-years); Model 3, Model 2 with additional adjustments for eGFR;

^*same models except for not adjusting for ever smoking;

^**same models except for no adjustments for ever smoking or pack-years.