Table 2.

Standardized Direct and Indirect Effects on Guilt and PTSD (Results from Bootstrapping Analysis)

Effect Pathway	Direct β (95% CI)	Indirect β (95% CI)
Combat Exp → Atrocities → Guilt	.11 (−.01 to .22)	.19 (.12 to .27)
Atrocities → Guilt → PTSD	.20 (.11 to .30)	.09 (.05 to .14)
Combat Exp → PTSD	.02 (−.09 to .12)	.24 (.17 to .31)
Combat Exp → Atrocities → PTSD		.14 (.07 to .21)
Combat Exp → Guilt → PTSD		.04 (−.00 to .08)
Combat Exp → Atrocities → Guilt → PTSD		.07 (.03 to .10)

Note. Significant effects (as determined by 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals) are bolded. Combat Exp = combat exposure, PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder.