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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Anxiety Stress Coping. 2016 Sep 19;30(2):188–201. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2016.1230669

Table 3.

Standardized Direct and Indirect Effects on Hostility (Results from Bootstrapping Analysis)

Effect Pathway Direct β (95% CI) Indirect β (95% CI)
Atrocities → Hostility .08 (−.03 to .19) .07 (.03 to .10)
  Atrocities → PTSD → Hostility .05 (.02 to .07)
  Atrocities → Guilt → PTSD → Hostility .02 (.01 to .03)
Combat Exp → Hostility .04 (−.07 to .14) .12 (.04 to .19)
  Combat Exp → Atrocities → Hostility .06 (−.02 to .13)
  Combat Exp → PTSD → Hostility .00 (−.02 to .03)
  Combat Exp → Atrocities → PTSD → Hostility .03 (.01 to .05)
  Combat Exp → Guilt → PTSD → Hostility .01 (−.00 to .02)
  Combat Exp → Atrocities → Guilt → PTSD → Hostility .02 (.01 to .02)

Note. Significant effects (as determined by 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals) are bolded. Combat Exp = combat exposure, PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder.