Table 5.

Standardized Direct and Indirect Effects on Depression (Results from Bootstrapping Analysis)

Effect Pathway	Direct β (95% CI)	Indirect β (95% CI)
Atrocities → Depression	.01 (−.08 to .10)	.22 (.15 to .28)
Atrocities → Guilt → Depression		.04 (.01 to .06)
Atrocities → PTSD → Depression		.12 (.06 to .18)
Atrocities → Guilt → PTSD → Depression		.06 (.03 to .08)
Combat Exp → Depression	.03 (−.06 to .11)	.20 (.12 to .28)
Combat Exp → Atrocities → Depression		.00 (−.06 to .07)
Combat Exp → Guilt → Depression		.01 (−.00 to .03)
Combat Exp → PTSD → Depression		.01 (−.05 to .07)
Combat Exp → Atrocities → Guilt → Depression		.03 (.01 to .04)
Combat Exp → Atrocities → PTSD → Depression		.09 (.04 to .13)
Combat Exp → Guilt → PTSD → Depression		.02 (−.00 to .05)
Combat Exp → Atrocities → Guilt → PTSD → Depression		.04 (.02 to .06)

Note. Significant effects (as determined by 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals) are bolded. Combat Exp = combat exposure, PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder.