Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Characteristic | Telephone (N = 50) | Overall Cohort (N= 566) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean(SD) | 74.9 (4.1) | 76.7 (5.2) |
| Female, n (%) | 33 (66) | 330 (58) |
| Hispanic or Non-White, n (%) | 2 (4) | 43 (8) |
| Years of Education, mean (SD) | 14.9 (2.5) | 14.9 (2.9) |
| Married, n (%) | 29 (58) | 335 (59) |
| Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) Score, mean (SD)† | 2.2 (2.5) | 2.5 (2.5) |
| GDS > 5, n (%) | 4 (8) | 69 (12) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), mean (SD)‡ | 0.9 (1.3) | 1.0 (1.3) |
| CCI ≥ 2, n (%) | 12 (26) | 167 (30) |
| Any Activity of Daily Living (ADL) Dependency, n (%)β | 4 (8) | 42 (7) |
| Any Instrumental ADL (IADL) Dependency, n (%)δ | 9 (18) | 157 (28) |
| Modified Mini Mental State (3MS) Score, mean (SD)φ | 95.3 (3.6) | 93.4 (5.4) |
| 3MS < 85, n (%) | 1 (2) | 39 (6.9) |
| Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR), mean (SD)χ | 37.7 (10.3) | 37.7 (9.9) |
15-point scale. Score > 5 suggestive of clinical depression. Score ≥ 10 highly predictive of clinical depression.
Comorbidities assigned a point value of 1–6, based on severity. Higher scores, particularly ≥ 2, suggest lower 1- or 2- year survival rate.
Defined as requiring assistance to complete ≥ 1 personal care activity (bathing, dressing, toilet use, transferring, urine/bowel continence, eating).
Defined as requiring assistance to complete ≥ 1 day-to-day activity required to live independently (telephone use, shopping, meal preparation, housekeeping, laundry, transportation, medication management, finance management).
Expanded Mini-Mental Status Exam, testing 4 additional cognitive domains: long-term memory, abstract thinking, categorical fluency, and delayed recall. Maximum score 100, higher score indicates better performance. Score < 85 suggestive of cognitive impairment. Score <77 highly predictive of cognitive impairment.
Assesses peak lifetime intelligence as a function of correctly pronounced words. Maximum score 50, higher score indicates better performance.