Table 1.

Causes of myocardial necrosis stratified by aetiology

Primary myocardial ischaemia	Supply or demand imbalance causing myocardial ischaemia	Injury not related to myocardial ischaemia	Multifactorial or indeterminate aetiology
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture Intraluminal coronary thrombus Distal microembolisation Coronary artery dissection	Anaemia Aortic dissection Aortic valve disease Tachyarrhythmias or bradyarrhythmias Coronary embolism or vasculitis Coronary endothelial dysfunction Coronary vasospasm Hypertension Left ventricular hypertrophy Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Respiratory failure Shock Cardiogenic Hypovolaemic Septic	Ablation Cardiac contusion Cardiac surgery Cardiotoxic drugs Cardioversion Cytokine-mediated injury Myocarditis Pacing Rhabdomyolysis	Acute/chronic heart failure Burns Critical illness Infiltrative diseases Amyloidosis Sarcoidosis Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary hypertension Acute kidney injury Chronic kidney disease Strenuous exercise Takotsubo cardiomyopathy Stroke Subarachnoid haemorrhage

Adapted from Thygesen et al.¹