Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study patients (n = 407).
| Variables | Values | |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 173 (42.5%) |
| Female | 234 (57.5%) | |
|
| ||
| Age | 52.00 (14.15) | |
|
| ||
| Height | 164.32 (8.32) | |
|
| ||
| Weight | 65.65 (10.62) | |
|
| ||
| BMI | 24.21 (2.55) | |
|
| ||
| Type of HIVD | Protrusion | 167 (41.0%) |
| Extrusion | 175 (43.0%) | |
| Sequestration | 45 (11.1%) | |
| Foraminal | 20 (4.9%) | |
|
| ||
| Concurrent oral analgesics | Yes | 400 (98.3%) |
| No | 7 (1.7%) | |
|
| ||
| Concurrent physical therapy | Yes | 190 (46.7%) |
| No | 217 (53.3%) | |
|
| ||
| Previous epidural block | Yes | 142 (34.9%) |
| No | 265 (65.1%) | |
|
| ||
| Previous blocks other than epidural | Yes | 16 (3.9%) |
| No | 391 (96.1%) | |
|
| ||
| Number of levels | Single | 254 (62.4%) |
| Two | 126 (31.0%) | |
| Three | 27 (6.6%) | |
|
| ||
| Location of lesion | Left | 190 (46.7%) |
| Right | 182 (44.7%) | |
| Both | 35 (8.6%) | |
|
| ||
| HIZ at MRI | Present | 158 (38.8%) |
| Negative | 249 (61.2%) | |
|
| ||
| Baseline NRS score | 7.595 (0.93) | |
The values are presented as a mean (SD) or absolute number (percentage).
BMI: body mass index, HIVD: herniated intervertebral disc, HIZ: high-intensity zone, MRI: magnetic resonance image, NRS: numerical rating scale, SD: standard deviation.