Table 2.
Results for substantial responders compared to nonresponders 12 months after percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis, as classified by demographic and clinical variables.
| Variables | Values | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Substantial responders (N = 294) | Nonresponders (N = 113) | |||
| Gender | Male | 131 (44.6%) | 42 (37.2%) | 0.215 |
| Female | 163 (55.4%) | 71 (62.8%) | ||
|
| ||||
| Age | 51.5 (14.1) | 53.3 (14.2) | 0.175 | |
|
| ||||
| Height | 164.5 (8.4) | 163.8 (8.2) | 0.404 | |
|
| ||||
| Weight | 65.7 (10.9) | 65.4 (9.8) | 0.832 | |
|
| ||||
| BMI | 24.2 (2.6) | 24.3 (2.4) | 0.526 | |
|
| ||||
| Type of HIVD | Protrusion | 120 (40.8%) | 47 (41.6%) | 0.005 |
| Extrusion | 135 (45.9%) | 40 (35.4%) | ||
| Sequestration | 31 (10.6%) | 14 (12.4%) | ||
| Foraminal | 8 (2.7%) | 12 (10.6%) | ||
|
| ||||
| Concurrent oral analgesics | Yes | 288 (98.0%) | 112 (99.1%) | 0.706 |
| No | 6 2.0%) | 1 (0.9%) | ||
|
| ||||
| Concurrent physical therapy | Yes | 130 (44.2%) | 60 (53.1%) | 0.134 |
| No | 164 (55.8%) | 53 (46.9%) | ||
|
| ||||
| Previous epidural block | Yes | 98 (33.3%) | 44 (38.9%) | 0.344 |
| No | 196 (66.7%) | 69 (61.2%) | ||
|
| ||||
| Previous blocks other than epidural | Yes | 9 (3.1%) | 7 (6.2%) | 0.241 |
| No | 285 (96.9%) | 106 (93.8%) | ||
|
| ||||
| Number of levels | Single | 182 (61.9%) | 72 (63.7%) | 0.796 |
| Two | 91 (31.0%) | 35 (31.0%) | ||
| Three | 21 (7.1%) | 6 (5.3%) | ||
|
| ||||
| Location of lesion | Left | 135 (45.9%) | 55 (48.7%) | 0.874 |
| Right | 133 (45.2%) | 49 (43.4%) | ||
| Both | 26 (8.9%) | 9 (7.9%) | ||
|
| ||||
| HIZ at MRI | Present | 128 (43.5%) | 30 (26.5%) | 0.002 |
| Negative | 166 (56.5%) | 83 (73.5%) | ||
|
| ||||
| Baseline NRS score | 7.55 (0.91) | 7.71 (0.96) | 0.139 | |
|
| ||||
| NRS score at 1 month | 3.56 (1.09) | 3.94 (1.14) | 0.007 | |
|
| ||||
| Substantial response at 1 month | Yes | 205 (69.7%) | 69 (61.1%) | 0.121 |
| No | 89 (30.3%) | 44 (38.9%) | ||
|
| ||||
| Oral analgesic change at 1 month | No change | 253 (86.1%) | 95 (84.1%) | 0.772 |
| Decreased | 40 (13.6%) | 17 (15.0%) | ||
| Increased | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.9%) | ||
|
| ||||
| Repeated procedure | Yes | 11 (3.8%) | 4 (3.5%) | 0.844 |
| No | 283 (96.2%) | 109 (96.5%) | ||
|
| ||||
| Vasculogram | Yes | 19 (6.5%) | 8 (7.1%) | 0.999 |
| No | 275 (93.5%) | 105 (92.9%) | ||
|
| ||||
| Myelogram | Yes | 10 (3.4%) | 2 (1.8%) | 0.586 |
| No | 284 (96.6%) | 111 (98.2%) | ||
|
| ||||
| Immediate complication | Yes | 20 (6.8%) | 6 (5.3%) | 0.745 |
| No | 274 (93.2%) | 107 (94.7%) | ||
The data are presented as a mean (SD) or absolute number (percentage).
BMI: body mass index, HIVD: herniated intervertebral disc, HIZ: high-intensity zone, MRI: magnetic resonance image, NRS: numerical rating scale, SD: standard deviation.