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. 2017 Feb 9;7:41712. doi: 10.1038/srep41712

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BBR administration inhibits mitochondrial respiration, reduces mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP). In addition, the NAD+ regeneration is blocked and TCA cycle is inhibited by BBR either. Exogenous electron receptor like pyruvate and AKB can serves as the substrate of LDH and help to regenerate NAD+. Thus, exogenous electron receptor can make up for the reduced mitochondrial activity in BBR administration.