Table 2.

Univariate analysis of patient characteristics associated with pain event

	Pain event group	Control group	p value
Male sex	21 (70.0)	81 (66.1)	0.686
Age	69.4 ± 10.2	68.2 ± 13.6	0.674
Height (cm)	158.0 ± 8.4	161.0 ± 10.2	0.226
Body Weight (kg)	55.8 ± 15.3	54.1 ± 11.3	0.501
Cardiac surgery	9 (30.0)	43 (35.5)	0.19
Non-cardiac surgery	7 (23.3)	42 (34.7)
No surgical intervention	14 (46.7)	36 (29.8)
APACHE II score	21.1 ± 9.51	19.8 ± 8.86	0.488
Blood pressure	109.0 ± 19.2	110.0 ± 19.8	0.883
P/F ratio	211 ± 121	272 ± 118	0.0123
Fentanyl	13 (43.3)	91 (75.2)	<0.001
Inotropic support	24 (80.0)	51 (42.1)	<0.001
Propofol	19 (63.3)	70 (57.9)	0.585
Dexmedetomidine	5 (16.7)	41 (33.9)	0.0666
Midazolam	7 (23.3)	11 (9.09)	0.0312