Table 1. Baseline characteristics of children with severe pneumonia (N = 406).
| Baseline Characteristics | |
|---|---|
| Age | 9.48 ± 12.16 months |
| < 1 year | 238 (58.6%) |
| 1–5 years | 168 (41.4%) |
| Gender | |
| Male | 220 (54.2%) |
| Household Characteristics | |
| Years of maternal education | 9 ± 6 |
| Number of people in household | 4 ± 2 |
| Number of rooms in household | 2 ± 2 |
| Breastfeeding | 275 (67.7%) |
| Clinical Characteristics | |
| Initial temperature1 (°C) * | 37.6 ± 0.9 |
| Proportion with fever1 ** | 190 (46.9%) |
| Weight-for-age z (WAZ) score 2 | -1.0 ± 1.5 |
| Height-for-age z (HAZ) score 3 | -0.8 ± 1.7 |
| Underweight (WAZ ≤ -2) 2 | 77 (19.2%) |
| Stunting (HAZ ≤ -2)4 | 70 (18.1%) |
| Initial respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 58.0 ± 9 |
| Respiratory signs: 1 | |
| • Pulse oximetry (% SO2) • Rales • Bronchial breath sounds • Pleural rub • Whistle |
• 80 ± 6.0 • 363 (89.6%) • 48 (11.8%) • 5 (1.2%) • 66 (16.3%) |
| Before presentation to hospital: | |
| • Vaccinated5 • Provided with antibiotic6 • Provided with bronchodilator6 |
• 305 (75.9%) • 27 (56.3%) • 40 (34.7%) |
| Chest X-ray findings: 7 | |
| • Infiltrate • Consolidation • Air trapping • Other*** |
• 255 (65.9%) • 14 (3.6%) • 54 (14.0%) • 64 (16.5%) |
All values are n (%) and median ± IQR. Variability in sample size of characteristics due to missing responses:
1n = 405
2n = 401
3n = 394
4n = 386
5n = 402
6n = 403
7n = 387
*Mean and standard deviation.
**Fever (temperature ≥ 37.5°C).
***Other includes pneumothorax and necrosis.