Table 1.

Percentages of mothers’ SES and psychosocial risk factors by ethnic/language group

Risk factor	Full sample (N=262)	Spanish-speaking Latinas (N=64)	English-speaking Latinas (N=102)	Non-Latina Caucasians (N=96)	Χ 2
SES Risk
Marital status					8.96*
Married	17	29	11	15
Single	83	71	89	85
Number of children					10.35**
0-2	92	86	90	99
3 or more	8	14	10	1
People living per bedroom					12.48**
Less than 3.5	90	81	89	98
3.5 or more	10	19	11	2
Education					41.24***
Less than high school	55	86	55	34
High school degree/GED	45	14	45	66
Employment					19.10***
Employed over past year	53	34	49	68
Unemployed in past year	47	66	51	32
Public assistance					0.51
No	49	53	48	48
Yes	51	47	52	52
Income					8.18*
Above poverty level	24	15	21	34
Under poverty level	76	85	79	66
Psychosocial Risk
Maltreated as a child					3.36
No	26	30	30	20
Yes	74	70	70	80
History of SA, MH problems, or criminal behavior					87.83***
No	39	84	37	10
Yes	61	16	63	90
Prior CPS involvement					6.65*
No	90	94	93	83
Yes	10	6	7	17
Depression/low self-esteem					13.67**
No	16	3	16	25
Yes	84	97	84	75
Multiple stressors					2.02
No	16	12	14	20
Yes	84	88	86	80
Potential for violence					0.79
No	79	83	78	77
Yes	21	17	22	23
Negative/unrealistic expectations for child					11.84**
No	50	38	45	64
Yes	50	62	55	36
Risk for harsh discipline					6.39*
No	61	73	54	60
Yes	39	27	46	40
Negative perceptions of child					3.32
No	92	91	96	90
Yes	8	9	4	10
Risk for poor attachment					0.37
No	11	11	10	12
Yes	89	89	90	88

SA substance abuse, MH mental health, CPS child protective services

^*p<.05,

^**p<.01,

^***p<.001