Fig. 10.

(Left) SHG microscopy images compare the structural changes of intact and crimped pericardial tissues at depths of 10, 40, and 60 microns for crimping sizes of 18Fr over time. (Right) SEM images show intact (A, C, and E) and crimped (B, D, and F) states of three different pericardial leaflets at 18Fr, 16Fr, and 14Fr, respectively. Comparison of SEM images demonstrates substantial changes on the surface microstructure due to crimping, which increased with reduction of the collapsed profile. The images are adapted with permission from Alavi et al Annals of Thoracic Surgery (2014).4