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. 2014 Dec 12;1(1):6–16. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2014.11.006

Figure 2.

Figure 2

IL6- and IL11-dependent STAT3 activation promotes tumor proliferation and survival. IL6 and IL11 released from immune cells such as macrophages and effector T cells bind to their specific receptors and induce STAT3 activation via gp130. Phosphorylated STAT3 promotes survival and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells via direct effects on cell-cycle regulators (CC) and down-regulation of p53. Furthermore, activated STAT3 promotes sustained NF-κB activity. IL11R, IL11 receptor; sIL6R, soluble IL6 receptor. IEC, intestinal epithelial cell.