Table 8.
Item-level summary of pass rates and missing data
| Motor items | % Don’t know | Proportion passing |
|---|---|---|
| Is the child frequently too sick to play? b | 0.04% | 0.88 |
| Does the child drink from a cup (without a lid) on his/her own? | 0.00% | 1.00 |
| Does the child pick up and drop a small object (like a rock) into a bucket or bowl? | 0.08% | 1.00 |
| Does the child throw a small ball or rock in a forward direction? | 0.12% | 0.99 |
| Does the child walk several steps without the support of a person or object (e.g., wall or furniture)? | 0.00% | 0.99 |
| Does the child bend down to the ground and stand up again without falling? | 0.20% | 0.99 |
| Does the child climb onto an object such as a chair or stoop? | 0.00% | 0.99 |
| Does the child run more than a few steps without falling or bumping into objects? | 0.04% | 0.98 |
| Does the child kick a ball or other round object forward? | 0.89% | 0.96 |
| Does the child make a mark on paper with a pen or pencil, or in the dirt with a stick? | 0.93% | 0.96 |
| Does the child stack three or more small objects (e.g., blocks, cups, bottle caps) on top of each other? | 5.48% | 0.95 |
| aDoes the child walk backward? | 6.53% | 0.94 |
| aDoes the child pick up a small object like a rock with just his/her thumb and a finger? | 10.72% | 0.81 |
| aDoes the child jump with both feet leaving the ground? | 8.14% | 0.63 |
| aDoes the child stand on one foot for several seconds without the support of a person or object? | 26.40% | 0.50 |
| aDoes the child dress him/herself (e.g., put on his/her pants and shirt without help)? | 0.16% | 0.34 |
| Cognitive items | ||
| Does the child recognize you or other family members (e.g., smile when they enter a room or move toward them)? | 0.00% | 1.00 |
| Does the child point or make sounds when he/she wants something? | 0.00% | 1.00 |
| Does the child follow simple directions (e.g., “Stand up or Come here”)? | 0.00% | 0.99 |
| Does the child look for an object when it falls on the ground or is taken away? | 0.52% | 0.99 |
| Does the child say one or more words (e.g., names like Mama or objects like cup)? | 0.04% | 0.99 |
| Does the child answer simple questions (e.g., “Do you want this?”) by saying yes or no, or nodding his/her head? | 0.12% | 0.97 |
| Does the child play by pretending objects are something else? | 0.08% | 0.97 |
| Does the child pay attention when someone is talking to him/her? | 0.12% | 0.96 |
| aDoes the child say five or more words (e.g., names like Mama or objects like cup)? | 0.00% | 0.93 |
| aDoes the child follow complex directions with more than one step (e.g., “Stand up, go outside, and bring me…”)? | 0.04% | 0.93 |
| aDoes the child turn a spoon or bottle right side up if you give it to him/her upside down? | 1.05% | 0.90 |
| aDoes the child explore new objects (like clothes or toys) by picking them up or putting them in his/her mouth? | 0.28% | 0.90 |
| aDoes the child ask for something (e.g., food, water) by name when he/she wants it? | 0.04% | 0.82 |
| aDoes the child speak using short sentences of two words (e.g., “Mama go” or “Dog eat”)? | 0.12% | 0.81 |
| aDoes the child say ten or more words (e.g., names like Mama or objects like cup)? | 0.12% | 0.78 |
| aCan the child correctly say the names of at least two family members (e.g., Mama, name for brother/sister)? | 0.04% | 0.77 |
| aDoes the child know the names of at least two body parts (e.g., arm, eye, or nose)? | 2.58% | 0.68 |
| aDoes the child ask questions using the words what, which, where, and who? | 0.60% | 0.66 |
| aDoes the child sing songs or repeat rhymes from memory? | 4.19% | 0.66 |
| aDoes the child know any numbers (e.g., one, two, three)? | 0.60% | 0.63 |
| aaDoes the child speak using longer sentences of more than 3 or 4 words? | 0.08% | 0.58 |
| aDoes the child correctly use the words I, you, or he? | 0.81% | 0.57 |
| aDoes the child know the difference between the words “big” and “small”? | 3.26% | 0.42 |
| aDoes the child get distracted easily? b | 9.27% | 0.35 |
| aDoes the child talk about or explain things that have happened in the past (e.g., what the child did yesterday)? | 0.89% | 0.25 |
| aWhen asked what common objects (like a cup or a knife) are for, does the child explain correctly? | 2.30% | 0.24 |
| aDoes the child know the names of any letters (e.g., A, B, C)? | 1.13% | 0.07 |
| Socioemotional items | ||
| Does the child smile when others smile at him/her? | 0.00% | 1.00 |
| Does the child sit or play quietly on his/her own for at least several minutes? | 0.00% | 0.99 |
| Does the child ask you for help when he/she cannot do something on his/her own (e.g., to reach an object up high)? | 0.00% | 0.98 |
| Does the child get along well with other children most of the time? | 0.04% | 0.98 |
| Does the child share things (e.g., food, toys) with others? | 0.04% | 0.98 |
| Does the child show affection toward others (e.g., hugging parents, brothers, or sisters)? | 0.08% | 0.98 |
| Does the child wake up frequently at night? b | 0.12% | 0.96 |
| aIs the child frequently sad or upset? b | 0.00% | 0.95 |
| aDoes the child have trouble falling asleep on his/her own? b | 0.00% | 0.94 |
| aDoes the child stop immediately when told “no” or “stop that?” | 0.08% | 0.92 |
| aIs the child frequently irritable or fussy? b | 0.24% | 0.86 |
| aDoes the child show sympathy or look concerned when others are hurt or sad? | 3.59% | 0.85 |
| aDoes the child act differently (e.g., shy or afraid) with strangers than he/she does with you and other familiar people? | 0.24% | 0.85 |
| aIs the child able to focus on one task (e.g., playing with friends, eating meal) for more than a few minutes, ignoring other things around him/her? | 0.20% | 0.82 |
| aDoes the child follow rules and obey adults? | 0.36% | 0.82 |
| aDoes the child have trouble sitting still when asked to by an adult (e.g., for two minutes)? b | 0.20% | 0.74 |
| aDoes the child become very upset by loud sounds (e.g., a loud bang, scream)? b | 0.40% | 0.62 |
| aDoes the child demand you to be with him/her constantly? b | 0.00% | 0.62 |
| aIs the child able to do two things at the same time (e.g., play a game and listen to you)? | 0.81% | 0.61 |
| aDoes the child greet neighbors or other people he/she knows without being told (e.g., by saying hello or gesturing hello)? | 0.12% | 0.54 |
| aWhen the child is upset, is he/she able to calm down by him/herself? | 0.08% | 0.53 |
| aDoes the child put objects or toys back where they belong after using them? | 0.36% | 0.49 |
| aIs the child sometimes impatient or unwilling to wait or hold still when you ask him/her to? b | 0.16% | 0.44 |
| aDoes the child act impulsively or without thinking? b | 2.46% | 0.41 |
| aDoes the child sometimes save things like candy or new toys for the future? | 0.32% | 0.38 |
| aDoes the ever child kick, bite, or hit other children or adults? b | 0.08% | 0.31 |
| aDoes the child cry or complain when he/she is made to wait for something he/she wants (e.g., toy, food)? b | 0.08% | 0.18 |
| Mean, all items (n = 70) | 1.40% | 0.76 |
| Mean, final items (n = 44) | 1.98% | 0.64 |
aindicates item that was included in the final reliability and validity analyses
bindicates item that was reverse coded