Table 3.
Adjusteda association of lifetime child antibiotic use through age 3 and child BMI z-score at age 3 years, without and with prenatal antibiotic use in the model
| Variable | Model 2a: Lifetime child antibiotics only |
Model 2b: Lifetime child antibiotics, adjusted for prenatal antibiotics |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta, SD units (CI) | P-value | Beta, SD units (CI) | P-value | |
| Lifetime child antibiotic orders through age 3 BMI measurement, ref = 0 |
||||
| 1 | 0.036 (−0.043, 0.115) | 0.37 | 0.035 (−0.044, 0.114) | 0.39 |
| 2–3 | 0.023 (−0.049, 0.095) | 0.53 | 0.021 (−0.051, 0.093) | 0.58 |
| 4–5 | 0.093 (0.014, 0.172) | 0.02 | 0.090 (0.011, 0.170) | 0.03 |
| 6–8 | 0.117 (0.033, 0.200) | 0.01 | 0.113 (0.029, 0.197) | 0.008 |
| ≥ 9 | 0.183 (0.096, 0.270) | < 0.001 | 0.175 (0.088, 0.263) | < 0.001 |
Abbreviations: SD = standard deviation; CI = confidence interval; ref = reference group
a
Multivariable linear regression models controlled for caesarian section, birth weight (tertiles), centered child exact age, child race/ethnicity, child Medical Assistance, smoked during pregnancy, parity, and pre-gravid BMI (centered and centered-squared terms), as described in the Methods; each was significantly associated with child BMIz.