. 2016 May 4;41(1):65–77. doi: 10.1177/0309364616637954

Table 3.

Mean ratings of difficulty of the single ADLs of the Orthotic ADLs Questionnaire (ADL-Q) for all patients (left column), SCO as previous orthosis (middle column), and LKAFO as previous orthosis (right column).

Activity		All patients (n = 13)				Previous orthosis: SCO (n = 8)				Previous orthosis: LKAFO (n = 5)
Activity		Previous orthosis	C-Brace	p value		Previous orthosis	C-Brace	p value		Previous orthosis	C-Brace	p value
Personal hygiene and dressing	Putting on pants or skirts	4.2	4.1	.67	ns	4.0	3.8	.59	ns	4.6	4.6	1.00	ns
	Putting on pants or skirts	1.5	1.7	.67	ns	1.5	2.0	.59	ns	1.5	1.1	1.00	ns
	Putting on socks, shoes, tie shoelaces	4.2	4.5	.40	ns	3.6	4.1	.29	ns	5.0	5.0	1.00	ns
	Putting on socks, shoes, tie shoelaces	1.7	1.4	.40	ns	1.8	1.6	.29	ns	1.2	0.7	1.00	ns
	Using the toilet	4.5	4.8	.18	ns	4.4	4.5	.32	ns	4.6	5.2	.27	ns
	Using the toilet	1.8	1.7	.18	ns	2.1	2.1	.32	ns	1.5	0.8	.27	ns
	Shaving, brushing teeth, putting on make-up	5.3	5.7	.24	ns	5.5	5.6	.59	ns	5.0	5.8	.27	ns
	Shaving, brushing teeth, putting on make-up	.9	.6	.24	ns	.8	.7	.59	ns	1.2	.4	.27	ns
Family and social life	Carrying a child	3.1	3.5	.55	ns	3.4	3.6	.59	ns	2.8	3.4	.72	ns
	Carrying a child	1.6	2.0	.55	ns	1.5	2.1	.59	ns	1.8	2.1	.72	ns
	Chasing with a child	3.1	3.7	.15	ns	3.2	3.5	.58	ns	3.0	4.0	.11	ns
	Chasing with a child	1.9	2.0	.15	ns	1.7	2.1	.58	ns	2.3	2.1	.11	ns
	Pushing a stroller	4.1	4.6	.42	ns	4.3	4.3	1.00	ns	3.8	5.0	.11	ns
	Pushing a stroller	1.7	1.7	.42	ns	1.9	1.9	1.00	ns	1.6	1.7	.11	ns
	Standing in a line	3.6	4.5	.08	ns	3.9	4.5	.24	ns	3.2	4.6	.18	ns
	Standing in a line	1.6	1.7	.08	ns	1.5	1.8	.24	ns	1.9	1.7	.18	ns
	Walking in a crowd	3.8	4.6	.05	^*	4.0	4.6	.18	ns	3.4	4.6	.18	ns
	Walking in a crowd	1.4	1.4	.05	^*	1.3	1.6	.18	ns	1.7	1.3	.18	ns
	Walking on uneven terrain	2.7	4.2	.01	^**	2.9	4.0	.04	^*	2.4	4.6	.07	ns
	Walking on uneven terrain	1.5	1.4	.01	^**	1.6	1.5	.04	^*	1.5	1.1	.07	ns
	Walking with a dog	3.7	4.4	.24	ns	3.8	4.5	.50	ns	3.3	4.3	.18	ns
	Walking with a dog	1.4	2.2	.24	ns	1.2	2.1	.50	ns	2.1	2.9	.18	ns
	Going for a walk	3.3	4.8	.01	^**	3.5	4.6	.06	ns	3.0	5.0	.04	^*
	Going for a walk	1.5	1.2	.01	^**	1.6	1.3	.06	ns	1.4	1.2	.04	^*
	Pushing or pulling a shopping trolley	4.2	4.8	.01	^**	4.4	4.9	.07	ns	3.8	4.8	.07	ns
	Pushing or pulling a shopping trolley	1.2	1.2	.01	^**	1.2	1.1	.07	ns	1.3	1.6	.07	ns
	Pulling open a heavy door	3.5	4.3	.07	ns	3.7	4.1	.35	ns	3.2	4.6	.11	ns
	Pulling open a heavy door	1.5	1.6	.07	ns	1.4	1.6	.35	ns	1.8	1.7	.11	ns
	Loading or unloading the trunk of a car	3.6	4.5	.09	ns	4.1	4.4	.60	ns	2.8	4.6	.07	ns
	Loading or unloading the trunk of a car	1.6	1.4	.09	ns	1.0	1.3	.60	ns	2.0	1.7	.07	ns
	Carrying a heavy object	3.2	3.7	.02	^*	3.3	3.6	.11	ns	3.0	3.8	.07	ns
	Carrying a heavy object	1.3	1.4	.02	^*	.9	1.1	.11	ns	1.9	2.0	.07	ns
Mobility and transportation	Standing up from the floor	3.2	3.8	.04	^*	3.0	3.6	.14	ns	3.4	4.0	.11	ns
	Standing up from the floor	1.3	1.5	.04	^*	1.2	1.5	.14	ns	1.5	1.6	.11	ns
	Stepping in a sidewalk curb	3.6	4.5	.01	^**	3.6	4.3	.09	ns	3.6	5.0	.04	^*
	Stepping in a sidewalk curb	1.3	1.2	.01	^**	1.4	1.2	.09	ns	1.1	1.2	.04	^*
	Stepping over minor obstacles	3.2	4.3	.01	^**	3.4	4.0	.09	ns	2.8	4.8	.04	^*
	Stepping over minor obstacles	1.4	1.1	.01	^**	1.3	.9	.09	ns	1.6	1.3	.04	^*
	Stepping on minor obstacles like rocks	2.6	4.1	.01	^**	3.0	3.6	.07	ns	2.0	4.8	.04	^*
	Stepping on minor obstacles like rocks	1.8	1.6	.01	^**	1.8	1.6	.07	ns	1.7	1.3	.04	^*
	Walking with different shoes	2.6	3.4	.09	ns	3.0	3.1	.72	ns	2.0	3.8	.07	ns
	Walking with different shoes	1.7	2.0	.09	ns	1.7	1.9	.72	ns	1.7	2.3	.07	ns
	Walking up stairs	2.9	4.1	.02	^*	3.0	3.5	.11	ns	2.8	5.0	.07	ns
	Walking up stairs	1.3	1.2	.02	^*	1.4	1.1	.11	ns	1.3	.7	.07	ns
	Walking down stairs	2.5	4.7	.00	^**	2.4	4.3	.02	^*	2.6	5.4	.04	^*
	Walking down stairs	1.3	1.3	.00	^**	1.5	1.3	.02	^*	1.1	.9	.04	^*
	Walking up ramps	3.0	4.8	.00	^**	3.4	4.6	.04	^*	2.4	5.2	.04	^*
	Walking up ramps	1.5	1.3	.00	^**	1.7	1.5	.04	^*	1.1	.8	.04	^*
	Walking down ramps	2.4	4.4	.00	^**	2.5	4.4	.02	^*	2.2	4.4	.08	ns
	Walking down ramps	1.1	1.6	.00	^**	1.3	1.7	.02	^*	.8	1.5	.08	ns
	Walking on unknown terrain	2.7	4.3	.01	^**	3.0	4.1	.06	ns	2.2	4.6	.04	^*
	Walking on unknown terrain	1.3	1.0	.01	^**	1.5	1.0	.06	ns	0.8	1.1	.04	^*
	Walking with different speeds	2.9	4.4	.01	^**	3.3	4.6	.02	^*	2.4	4.0	.11	ns
	Walking with different speeds	1.6	1.6	.01	^**	1.8	1.3	.02	^*	1.1	2.0	.11	ns
	Walking backward	3.3	3.4	.67	ns	3.7	4.1	.47	ns	2.6	2.4	1.00	ns
	Walking backward	1.6	1.8	.67	ns	1.5	1.3	.47	ns	1.7	1.9	1.00	ns
	Carrying heavy objects	2.4	3.6	.01	^**	3.0	3.6	.07	ns	1.6	3.6	.07	ns
	Carrying heavy objects	1.3	1.8	.01	^**	1.3	1.5	.07	ns	.9	2.3	.07	ns
	Walking outside in bad weather	2.6	4.3	.01	^**	3.1	3.9	.07	ns	1.8	4.8	.04	^*
	Walking outside in bad weather	1.7	1.5	.01	^**	2.0	1.9	.07	ns	.8	.8	.04	^*
	Getting into public transportation	3.2	3.8	.08	ns	3.3	3.5	.36	ns	3.2	4.4	.07	ns
	Getting into public transportation	1.4	1.6	.08	ns	1.6	1.8	.36	ns	1.1	1.1	.07	ns
	Standing in a crowded bus	2.5	3.8	.04	^*	2.9	3.5	.29	ns	2.0	4.4	.04	^*
	Standing in a crowded bus	1.7	2.0	.04	^*	1.9	2.2	.29	ns	1.4	1.5	.04	^*
	Driving a car	4.9	4.8	.75	ns	4.6	4.4	.72	ns	5.5	5.5	1.00	ns
	Driving a car	.9	1.6	.75	ns	1.0	1.9	.72	ns	.6	.6	1.00	ns
	Riding a motorcycle or bicycle	2.9	4.3	.11	ns	2.4	4.6	.11	ns	3.7	3.7	1.00	ns
	Riding a motorcycle or bicycle	1.7	1.4	.11	ns	1.9	.5	.11	ns	1.2	2.3	1.00	ns
	Traveling by airplane	3.9	4.8	.04	^*	4.2	5.4	.07	ns	3.3	3.7	.32	ns
	Traveling by airplane	1.6	1.3	.04	^*	1.5	.5	.07	ns	2.1	1.5	.32	ns
Sports and leisure activities	Walking on a treadmill	2.7	3.7	.04	^*	2.9	3.4	.20	ns	2.3	4.3	.11	ns
	Walking on a treadmill	1.6	1.3	.04	^*	1.3	1.3	.20	ns	2.3	1.5	.11	ns
	Doing aerobic class	2.7	2.9	.46	ns	2.3	2.5	.59	ns	3.3	3.7	.59	ns
	Doing aerobic class	1.5	1.6	.46	ns	1.2	1.4	.59	ns	2.1	2.1	.59	ns
	Ride a bike	2.4	3.9	.04	^*	2.2	3.3	.11	ns	3.0	5.5	.18	ns
	Ride a bike	1.3	1.9	.04	^*	1.5	1.9	.11	ns	.0	.7	.18	ns
	Sports in general	2.4	3.0	.11	ns	2.6	2.7	.65	ns	2.0	3.5	.11	ns
	Sports in general	1.3	1.7	.11	ns	1.4	1.4	.65	ns	1.2	2.4	.11	ns
Other activities	Standing still for a longer period of time	3.2	3.8	.09	ns	3.4	3.8	.35	ns	2.8	3.8	.07	ns
	Standing still for a longer period of time	1.4	1.8	.09	ns	1.3	1.8	.35	ns	1.6	2.0	.07	ns
	Moving around in a confined place	3.3	4.0	.17	ns	3.9	4.0	.61	ns	2.4	3.8	.11	ns
	Moving around in a confined place	1.4	1.8	.17	ns	1.2	1.8	.61	ns	1.1	2.0	.11	ns
	Picking up an object from the floor	3.8	4.2	.16	ns	4.0	4.0	1.00	ns	3.4	4.6	.11	ns
	Picking up an object from the floor	1.5	1.6	.16	ns	1.9	1.8	1.00	ns	.9	1.5	.11	ns
	Sitting for a longer period of time	3.4	4.1	.14	ns	3.9	3.5	1.00	ns	2.6	5.0	.04	^*
	Sitting for a longer period of time	1.6	1.9	.14	ns	1.9	2.1	1.00	ns	.5	1.4	.04	^*
	Sitting on a low chair or sofa	2.8	4.3	.01	^**	3.0	4.0	.11	ns	2.4	4.8	.04	^*
	Sitting on a low chair or sofa	1.6	1.1	.01	^**	2.1	1.1	.11	ns	.5	1.1	.04	^*
	Doing something else while walking	3.2	4.2	.07	ns	3.8	4.0	.59	ns	2.4	4.4	.04	^*
	Doing something else while walking	1.8	1.8	.07	ns	1.8	1.9	.59	ns	1.7	1.8	.04	^*

SCO: stance control orthosis; LKAFO: locked knee ankle foot orthosis; ns: not significant.

The standard deviations added under the bold mean, and all significant differences between the previous orthosis and C-Brace are marked with gray background.

: .01<p<.05; **: p<.01.