Table 2.
Associations of Demographic and Clinical Variables with Change in Left Atrial Volume from DHS-1 to DHS-2
| Variable | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Δ LA volume/BSA (mL/m2) |
−13.9 [−17.9, −11.0] |
−5.1 [−6.8, − 3.4] |
1.3 [−0.5, 2.6] |
8.3 [6.0, 12.5] | |
| DHS1 age (years) | 44 [37, 51] | 44 [36, 49] | 42 [35, 49] | 42 [36, 50] | 0.27 |
| Male Sex (%) | 44.7 | 40.5 | 38.9 | 38.4 | 0.20 |
| Race/Ethnicity (%) | |||||
| Black | 35.3 | 42.1 | 45.8 | 55.8 | <.0001 |
| White | 48.4 | 40.0 | 36.3 | 30.5 | <0.0001 |
| Hispanic | 12.6 | 14.2 | 16.8 | 12.6 | 0.82 |
| Other | 3.7 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.033 |
| DHS1 Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) |
120 [111, 132] |
121[112, 133] |
120 [112, 129] |
124 [114, 133] |
0.18 |
| Δ Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) |
4.7 [−4.7, 13] | 4.2 [−4.7, 13.7] |
6.7 [−2.7, 18.0] |
6.3 [−2.3, 18.3] |
0.015 |
| DHS1 Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) |
74.8 [70.0, 80.7] |
75.8 [70.0, 82.7] |
75 [70.0, 80.7] |
77.3 [71.2, 84.0] |
0.043 |
| Δ Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) |
2.8 [−2.7, 8.7] |
4.3 [−2.3, 9.3] | 3.5 [−1.7, 11.0] |
1.7 [−4.3, 8.3] | 0.27 |
| DHS1 Diabetes (%) |
6.3 | 7.9 | 5.8 | 7.4 | 0.90 |
| Incident Diabetes (%) |
8.9 | 6.3 | 5.1 | 8.0 | 0.61 |
| DHS1 Smoking (%) |
22.2 | 24.2 | 20.5 | 22.6 | 0.86 |
| Incident Smoking (%) |
4.1 | 4.2 | 6.0 | 4.1 | 0.81 |
| BMI (kg/ m2) | 27.4 [24.1, 32.1] |
27.5 [24.3, 31.5] |
28.1 [24.8, 31.6] |
29.3 [25.2, 35.2] |
0.001 |
| Δ BMI (kg/ m2) | 0.7 [−0.7, 2.1] |
1.0 [−0.6, 2.5] | 0.6 [−0.9, 2.4] |
0.7 [−1.3, 2.4] | 0.62 |
| DHS1 waist circumference (cm) |
92.5 [82.5, 103] |
93.5 [84, 101] |
93.3 [85, 102] |
98 [88, 108] | 0.002 |
| DHS 1 Lean Mass (kg) |
54.0 [51.9, 61.8] |
50.9 [42.5, 61.7] |
52.1 [43.6, 60.5] |
54.4 [45.3, 63.0] |
0.31 |
| DHS 1 Total Fat Mass (kg) |
22.0 [16.3, 29.3] |
23.7 [18.7, 30.2] |
24.4 [18.6, 31.2] |
26.2 [19.0, 34.9] |
<.0001 |
| DHS 1 Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat Mass (kg) |
3.7 [2.5, 5.2] | 3.7 [2.6, 5.5] | 4.0 [2.7, 5.6] |
4.2 [2.8, 6.7] | 0.003 |
| DHS 1 Visceral Fat Mass (kg) |
1.8 [1.3, 2.5] | 1.8 [1.3, 2.4] | 1.8 [1.3, 2.4] |
2.1 [1.4, 2.7] | 0.029 |
| DHS 1 Lower Body Fat Mass (kg) |
7.8 [5.8, 10.5] |
8.7 [6.4, 11.3] |
8.9 [6.4, 11.9] |
9.1 [6.8, 12.6] | 0.001 |
| DHS1 LV Mass/BSA (g/m2) |
65.2 [55.9, 77.8] |
62.6 [53.7, 73.6] |
62.7 [54, 71.3] |
66.3 [57.6, 76.1] |
0.91 |
| Δ LV Mass/BSA (g/m2) |
−3.3 [−7.6, 1.3] |
−2.4 [−6.7, 1.4] |
−1.3 [−5.7, 2.7] |
−1.0 [−4.9, 4.0] | <.0001 |
| DHS1 LVEDV/BSA (mL/ m2) |
64.5 [56.0, 73.2] |
60.8 [55.3, 68.8] |
62.5 [56.3, 69.3] |
60.2 [53.2, 68.9] |
0.003 |
| ΔLVEDV/BSA (mL/ m2) |
−5.0 [−11.8, − 0.6] |
−3.8 [−7.5, 0.4] |
−1.2 [−5.3, 3.3] |
2.5 [−2.6, 6.8] | <.0001 |
| DHS1 LV Ejection Fraction (%) |
68.5 [63.9, 73.1] |
69.4 [65.1, 72.2] |
68.1 [63.9, 72.2] |
68.8 [64.3, 73.2] |
0.99 |
| Δ LV Ejection Fraction (%) |
−0.1 [−2.9, 4.1] |
0.9 [−3.4, 4.5] | 1.3 [−2.1, 4.9] |
0.9 [−1.9, 4.3] | 0.053 |
| DHS1 hs-cTnT ng/L |
1.5 [1.5, 1.5] | 1.5 [1.5, 1.5] | 1.5 [1.5, 1.5] |
1.5 [1.5, 1.5] | 0.059 |
| Δ hs-cTnT ng/L | 2.9 [0, 6.0] | 1.8 [0, 4.3] | 2.0 [0, 4.3] | 2.5 [0, 5.0] | 0.38 |
| DHS1 NT-Pro- BNP (pg/mL) |
32.6 [16, 60.3] |
24.4 [11.2, 55.5] |
25.1 [11.7, 50.0] |
29.0 [11.2, 56.9] |
0.26 |
| Δ NT-Pro-BNP (pg/mL) |
8.4 [−11.8, 25.5] |
10.4 [−4.3, 27.3] |
14.7 [1.2, 34.9] |
18.4 [2.4, 50.7] |
<.0001 |
| DHS1 hs-CRP (mg/L) |
2.0 [0.9, 4.3] | 2.0 [0.8, 5.1] | 2.3 [1.1, 5] | 3.4 [1, 7.6] | 0.001 |
| Δhs-CRP (mg/L) | 0.1 [−1.1, 1.5] |
0.2 [−0.9, 1.2] |
−0.1 [−1.4, 1] |
−0.2 [−2.9, 1] | 0.021 |
| Glomerular Filtration Rate (mL/min per 1.73 m2) |
97.6 [84.7, 112.3] |
97.6 [85.7, 110.2] |
96.7 [84.4, 111.1] |
98.3 [86.6, 109.7] |
0.82 |
| Δ Glomerular Filtration Rate (mL/min per 1.73 m2) |
−4.4 [−13.5, 6.5] |
−4.2 [−14.0, 7.8] |
−6.0 [−14.8, 5.4] |
−5.7 [−16.6, 1.9] |
0.29 |
Abbreviations as in table 1
Left atrial size was indexed to body surface area in both DHS 1 and DHS 2