Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants, stratified by gender
| Total | Women | Men | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants n | 2585 | 1371 | 1214 |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 69 (9) | 69 (9) | 69 (9) |
| Body mass index, mean (SD), k/m2 | 28.1 (5.4) | 28.5 (6.1) | 27.7 (4.4) |
| Race/ethnicity: | |||
| White, No. (%) | 966 (37) | 502 (37) | 464 (38) |
| African-American, No. (%) | 669 (26) | 376 (27) | 293 (24) |
| Hispanic, No. (%) | 560 (22) | 302 (22) | 258 (21) |
| Asian, No. (%) | 390 (15) | 191 (14) | 199 (16) |
| Educational attainment: | |||
| No high school degree, No. (%) | 348 (14) | 198 (14) | 150 (12) |
| High school degree, No. (%) | 448 (17) | 278 (20) | 170 (14) |
| Some college, No. (%) | 735 (28) | 418 (31) | 317 (26) |
| College degree, No. (%) | 494 (19) | 240 (18) | 254 (21) |
| Graduate degree or more, No. (%) | 555 (22) | 235 (17) | 320 (26) |
| Cigarette smoking status: | |||
| Never-smokers, No. (%) | 1227 (48) | 780 (57) | 447 (37) |
| Former smokers, No. (%) | 1118 (43) | 491 (36) | 627 (52) |
| Current smokers, No. (%) | 240 (9) | 100 (7) | 140 (12) |
| Smoking history pack-years#, median (IQR) | 14 (3–32) | 12 (3–30) | 15 (3–33) |
| Hypertension, No. (%) | 1541 (60) | 854 (62) | 687 (27) |
| Diabetes, No. (%) | 476 (18) | 253 (19) | 223 (18) |
| Post-bronchodilator spirometry: | |||
| FEV1% predicted, mean (SD) | 97 (19) | 97 (20) | 96 (18) |
| FVC% predicted, mean (SD) | 99 (16) | 100 (17) | 99 (15) |
| FEV1/FVC% predicted, mean (SD) | 98 (11) | 98 (11) | 97 (12) |
| Any COPD, No. (%) | 218 (10) | 88 (8) | 130 (13) |
| Mild COPD, No. (%) | 121 (6) | 44 (4) | 77 (8) |
| Moderate COPD, No. (%) | 86 (4) | 39 (4) | 47 (5) |
| Severe COPD, No. (%) | 11 (1) | 5 (1) | 6 (1) |
| Percentage emphysema, median (IQR)* | 1.54 (0.63 to 3.23) | 0.92 (0.44 to 2.01) | 2.45 (1.18 to 4.76) |
| Emphysema ULN, No. (%)* | 263 (9) | 159 (11) | 104 (8) |
| QTc interval msec, mean (SD) | 423 (21) | 429 (19) | 417 (21) |
| Prolonged QTc, No. (%) | 102 (4%) | 36 (3%) | 66 (5%) |
| Heart rate beats/min, mean (SD) | 61 (9) | 62 (9) | 60 (9) |
#
among ever-smokers
*
There are 2803 participants with emphysema measures