Table 4.
Cholesterol (mg/100 g), β-carotene, α-tocopherol, 13 cis and trans retinol (μg/100 g), in whole and semi-skimmed commercial Italian milk. Data are shown as the mean with standard deviation (SD) and minimum and maximum values.
| Milk | Cholesterol | β-Carotene | α-Tocopherol | 13 cis retinol | trans retinol | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whole—18 samples | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 12.8 a ± 0.4 | 7.9 a ± 3.5 | 87.2 a ± 8.8 | 3.3 a ± 2.2 | 46.2 a ± 9.9 | |
| Min–Max | 12.1–13.5 | 4.2–15.3 | 66.2–105.9 | 0.4–7.3 | 31.2–64.4 | |
| PW—3 samples | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 13.1 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 0.9 | 80.4 ± 3.8 | 0.7 A ± 0.3 | 54.7 A ± 8.6 | |
| Min–Max | 13.0–13.2 | 4.4–6.2 | 76.9–84.4 | 0.4–0.9 | 44.9–61.0 | |
| MW—3 samples | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 12.7 ± 0.2 | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 83.4 ± 14.9 | 1.2 A ± 0.3 | 60.0 A ± 5.8 | |
| Min–Max | 12.5–12.9 | 4.2–6.3 | 66.2–92.5 | 0.9–1.5 | 53.4–64.4 | |
| UHTW—14 samples | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 12.8 ± 0.5 | 9.2 ± 3.6 | 89.9 ± 7.2 | 4.4 B ± 1.7 | 40.6 B ± 5.1 | |
| Min–Max | 12.1–13.5 | 5.4–15.3 | 81.7–105.9 | 1.9–7.3 | 31.2–48.0 | |
| Semi-skimmed—20 samples | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 7.0 b ± 0.2 | 4.0 b ± 1.4 | 40.2 b ± 5.9 | 2.1 b ± 1.4 | 21.0 b ± 5.0 | |
| Min–Max | 6.4–7.4 | 2.2–7.1 | 30.4–53.0 | 0.3–4.3 | 14.7–32.5 | |
| PS—2 samples | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 7.1 ± 0.2 | 2.4 ± 0.0 | 34.8 ± 3.0 | 0.5 A ± 0.0 | 25.6 A ± 0.0 | |
| Min–Max | 7.0–7.2 | 2.4–2.5 | 32.7–36.9 | 0.4–0.5 | 25.6–25.7 | |
| MS—4 samples | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 7.2 ± 0.2 | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 44.2 ± 9.7 | 0.5 A ± 0.1 | 28.0 A ± 3.5 | |
| Min–Max | 7.0–7.4 | 2.2–3.6 | 30.5–53.0 | 0.3–0.6 | 24.1–32.5 | |
| UHTS—14 samples | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 7.0 ± 0.2 | 4.4 ± 1.4 | 39.8 ± 4.3 | 2.8 B ± 1.0 | 18.4 B ± 2.9 | |
| Min–Max | 6.4–7.3 | 3.0–7.2 | 32.6–49.4 | 1.3–4.3 | 14.7–23.8 | |
PW = pasteurized whole milk; MW= microfiltered whole milk; UHTW = UHT whole milk; PS= pasteurized semi-skimmed milk; MS = microfiltered semi-skimmed milk; UHTS = UHT semi-skimmed milk; Values in the same column with different lowercase letters are significantly different (p < 0.05); Within the same categories (whole or semi-skimmed milk), values in the same column with different superscript capital letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).