Table 2.
Distribution of ACE score by subject demographics and health measures
| 0 | 1–3 | 4+ | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACEs | ACEs | ACEs | ||
| Overall | 62% | 23% | 15% | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | <0.0001 | |||
| 18–34 | 34% | 45% | 21% | |
| 35–49 | 26% | 50% | 24% | |
| 50–64 | 32% | 47% | 21% | |
| ≥65 | 48% | 47% | 5% | |
| Gender | 0.2269 | |||
| Male | 37% | 50% | 13% | |
| Female | 38% | 45% | 17% | |
| Household Income | 0.0527 | |||
| <$25,000 | 33% | 45% | 22% | |
| $25,000–34,999 | 43% | 41% | 16% | |
| $35,000–49,999 | 36% | 50% | 14% | |
| $50,000–74,499 | 30% | 55% | 14% | |
| ≥$75,000 | 42% | 45% | 10% | |
| Education | 0.4342 | |||
| < High School | 35% | 46% | 19% | |
| High School | 35% | 47% | 18% | |
| Some College | 36% | 51% | 13% | |
| College Degree + | 23% | 46% | 31% | |
| Health Insurance | 0.0001 | |||
| Private/Medicare | 39% | 47% | 13% | |
| None | 48% | 39% | 13% | |
| Medicaid/BadgerCare | 23% | 46% | 31% | |
| Employment | <0.0001 | |||
| Employed | 31% | 50% | 19% | |
| Out of Work | 32% | 37% | 30% | |
| Retired | 46% | 49% | 5% | |
| Self-Reported Health Risks and Outcomes | ||||
| Emotional Supporta | <0.0001 | |||
| Always | 46% | 43% | 11% | |
| Usually | 31% | 54% | 15% | |
| Sometimes | 25% | 54% | 21% | |
| Rarely | 28% | 31% | 41% | |
| Never | 20% | 50% | 30% | |
| Life Satisfactionb | <0.0001 | |||
| Very satisfied | 47% | 46% | 7% | |
| Satisfied | 31% | 51% | 18% | |
| Dissatisfied | 25% | 35% | 39% | |
| Very Dissatisfied | 40% | 20% | 40% | |
| General Healthc | <0.0001 | |||
| Excellent | 51% | 38% | 11% | |
| Very good | 40% | 51% | 9% | |
| Good | 35% | 49% | 15% | |
| Fair | 31% | 44% | 25% | |
| Poor | 10% | 38% | 52% | |
| Frequent Mental Distressd | 8% | 9% | 26% | <0.0001 |
| Median Days Poor Physical Healthe | 0 | 0 | 2 | <0.0001 |
| Median Days Mental/Physical | 0 | 0 | 3 | <0.0001 |
| Limitatione | ||||
| Smoking | 38% | 47% | 68% | <0.0001 |
| Heavy Drinkingf | 0% | 32% | 80% | <0.0001 |
| Validated Health Risks and Diagnoses | ||||
| Median Body Mass Index (mg/kg2) | 29.1 | 29.9 | 30.9 | 0.0220 |
| Depression | 24% | 35% | 56% | <0.0001 |
| Anxiety | 19% | 30% | 48% | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 55% | 49% | 39% | 0.0110 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 50% | 49% | 30% | 0.0002 |
| Myocardial Infarction | 11% | 6% | 7% | 0.0327 |
| Diabetes Mellitus (type 1 or 2) | 18% | 19% | 16% | 0.6088 |
| Heart Disease | 45% | 43% | 35% | 0.1928 |
| Stroke | 7% | 6% | 5% | 0.7437 |
| Asthma | 14% | 16% | 41% | <0.0001 |
| Skin Cancer | 12% | 11% | 4% | 0.0406 |
| Other Cancer | 29% | 30% | 13% | 0.0009 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 8% | 8% | 13% | 0.2416 |
| Emphysema | 2% | 3% | 2% | 0.2741 |
| Chronic Bronchitis | 7% | 7% | 11% | 0.2621 |
| Arthritis or Related Condition | 72% | 70% | 77% | 0.3491 |
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (P<0.05) via Chi square test.
a
Response to question “How often to you get the emotional support you need?”
b
Response to question “In general, how satisfied are you with your life?”
c
Response to question “Would you say that in general your health is – ?” with choices as indicated.
d
Self-reported frequent mental distress is defined as 14 or more bad mental health days in the last 30.
e
Over the course of the last month.
f
Heavy drinking defined as 5 or more drinks on one occasion for men or 4 or more drinks on one occasion for women in the past 30 days. MESA, Marshfield Epidemiologic Survey Area; ACE, adverse childhood experience