Table 3.
Distribution of direct abuse and household dysfunction by subjects demographics and health measures
| Direct abusea | Household dysfunctionb | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | P value | Yes | No | P value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (years) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| 18–34 | 50% | 50% | 54% | 46% | ||
| 35–49 | 62% | 38% | 59% | 46% | ||
| 50–64 | 53% | 47% | 52% | 48% | ||
| ≥65 | 35% | 65% | 36% | 64% | ||
| Gender | 0.8731 | 0.9294 | ||||
| Male | 46% | 54% | 47% | 53% | ||
| Female | 47% | 53% | 47% | 53% | ||
| Household Income | 0.2695 | 0.0991 | ||||
| <$25,000 | 53% | 47% | 50% | 50% | ||
| $25,000–34,999 | 43% | 57% | 46% | 54% | ||
| $35,000–49,999 | 48% | 52% | 50% | 50% | ||
| $50,000–74,499 | 51% | 49% | 56% | 44% | ||
| ≥$75,000 | 42% | 58% | 38% | 62% | ||
| Education | 0.8246 | 0.3746 | ||||
| < High School | 47% | 53% | 50% | 50% | ||
| High School | 49% | 51% | 49% | 51% | ||
| Some College | 47% | 53% | 49% | 51% | ||
| College Degree + | 45% | 55% | 42% | 58% | ||
| Health Insurance | 0.0073 | 0.1520 | ||||
| Private/Medicare | 45% | 55% | 45% | 55% | ||
| None | 39% | 61% | 48% | 52% | ||
| Medicaid/BadgerCare | 62% | 38% | 56% | 44% | ||
| Employment | 0.0002 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Employed | 52% | 48% | 54% | 46% | ||
| Out of Work | 56% | 44% | 60% | 40% | ||
| Retired | 38% | 62% | 36% | 64% | ||
| Self-Reported Health Risks and Outcomes | ||||||
| Emotional Supportc | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Always | 37% | 63% | 38% | 62% | ||
| Usually | 49% | 51% | 52% | 48% | ||
| Sometimes | 63% | 37% | 66% | 34% | ||
| Rarely | 69% | 31% | 51% | 49% | ||
| Never | 60% | 40% | 60% | 40% | ||
| Life Satisfactiond | <0.0001 | 0.0022 | ||||
| Very satisfied | 34% | 66% | 39% | 61% | ||
| Satisfied | 54% | 46% | 53% | 47% | ||
| Dissatisfied | 73% | 27% | 51% | 49% | ||
| Very Dissatisfied | 40% | 60% | 60% | 40% | ||
| General Healthe | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Excellent | 33% | 67% | 37% | 63% | ||
| Very good | 40% | 60% | 45% | 55% | ||
| Good | 51% | 49% | 46% | 54% | ||
| Fair | 55% | 45% | 54% | 46% | ||
| Poor | 79% | 21% | 86% | 14% | ||
| Frequent Mental Distressf | 15% | 8% | 0.0013 | 15% | 8% | 0.0020 |
| Mean Days Poor Physical Healthg | 6.0 | 3.6 | <0.0001 | 5.9 | 3.7 | <0.0001 |
| Mean Days Mental/Physical Limitationg | 5.0 | 2.7 | <0.0001 | 5.0 | 2.7 | <0.0001 |
| Smoking | 53% | 41% | 0.0008 | 56% | 36% | <0.0001 |
| Heavy Drinkingh | 41% | 15% | <0.0001 | 58% | 0% | <0.0001 |
| Validated Health Risks and Diagnoses | ||||||
| Median Body Mass Index (mg/kg2) | 30.3 | 29.0 | 0.0033 | 30.4 | 29.1 | 0.0020 |
| Depression | 44% | 25% | <0.0001 | 43% | 26% | <0.0001 |
| Anxiety | 39% | 20% | <0.0001 | 35% | 23% | 0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 47% | 53% | 0.1040 | 45% | 54% | 0.0073 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 40% | 52% | 0.0009 | 44% | 49% | 0.1248 |
| Myocardial Infarction | 6% | 10% | 0.0274 | 7% | 9% | 0.3413 |
| Diabetes Mellitus (type 1 or 2) | 19% | 18% | 0.7928 | 19% | 18% | 0.5975 |
| Heart Disease | 41% | 44% | 0.5185 | 40% | 45% | 0.1617 |
| Stroke | 6% | 6% | 0.7812 | 5% | 7% | 0.3509 |
| Asthma | 23% | 15% | 0.0027 | 25% | 14% | <0.0001 |
| Skin Cancer | 9% | 12% | 0.1188 | 7% | 13% | 0.0105 |
| Other Cancer | 24% | 30% | 0.0742 | 22% | 31% | 0.0105 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 10% | 9% | 0.6311 | 11% | 7% | 0.0328 |
| Emphysema | 3% | 1% | 0.7605 | 3% | 2% | 0.7865 |
| Chronic Bronchitis | 8% | 8% | 0.8713 | 10% | 6% | 0.0276 |
| Arthritis or Related Condition | 73% | 71% | 0.5917 | 72% | 72% | 0.8438 |
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (P<0.05) via Chi square test.
Direct abuse is defined as an indication of at least one of the following: emotional, physical, or sexual abuse
Household dysfunction is defined as an indication of at least one of the following: mental illness, incarceration, violence, substance abuse, or divorce or separation in the household
Response to question “How often to you get the emotional support you need?”
Response to question “In general, how satisfied are you with your life?”
Response to question “Would you say that in general your health is – ?” with choices as indicated.
Self-reported frequent mental distress is defined as 14 or more bad mental health days in the last 30.
Over the course of the last month.
Heavy drinking defined as 5 or more drinks on one occasion for men or 4 or more drinks on one occasion for women in the past 30 days. ACE, adverse childhood experience