Table 7.

Bimetallic constructs used for sensing miscellaneous analytes.

Target Analyte	Metals	Construct/Support/Detection Method	Year	Authors	Detection Limits/Sensitivities
Long non-coding RNA	Pt/Pd	Bimetallic nanodendrites/nanoflower-like clusters on graphene oxide/Au/horseradish peroxidase.	2015	Liu et al. [129]	Linear range 1.00 × 10−3 to 1.00 × 103 pM/mL. LOD 0.247 fM/mL.
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9.	Au/Pd	Core/shell bimetallic functionalized graphene nanocomposite immunosensor.	2015	Yang et al. [130]	Linear range 0.015 to 150 U·mL−1. LOD 0.006 U·mL−1.
Cancer cells (human leukaemia CCRF-CEM)	Cu/Au	Iodide-responsive NP-based colorimetric platform.	2015	Ye et al. [131]	Linear range 50 to 500 cells/mL. LOD 5 cells in 100 μL binding buffer.
Dopamine	Ag/Pt	Electrospun nanoporous carbon nanofibers decorated with bimetallic NPs.	2014	Huang et al. [132]	Linear range 10−500 μM. LOD 0.11 μM (S/N = 3).
Cardiac troponin I	Pt/Au	Electrochemiluminescence immunosensor using poly(L-histidine)-protected glucose dehydrogenase on NPs to generate in situ co-reactant.	2014	Xiao et al. [133]	Linear response from 0.010 ng·mL−1 to 10 ng·mL−1. LOD 3.3 pg·mL−1 (S/N = 3).
Human Tissue Polypeptide Antigen (hTPA)	Pd/Pt	Bimetallic construct as secondary Ab on graphene/GCE. Amperometric sandwich type immunosensor.	2014	Wang et al. [134]	Linear range 0.0050–15 ng·mL−1, LOD 1.2 pg·mL−1.
Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125)	ReAu	Bimetallic NPs. ReAuCA125Ab–CA125 immunocomplex.	2011	Cai et al. [135]	Linear range 0.1–240 mU/mL. LOD 0.02 mU/mL
Glutamate	Au/Pt	GlutaOx-[C3(OH)2mim][BF4]-Au/Pt-Nafion. Electrocatalytic detection.	2011	Yu et al. [136]	Linear range 0.5 µM to 20.0 µM. LOD 0.17 µM.
Lead	Au/Pd	3-D ordered macroporous BM electrode/SWCNTs. Amperometric detection of Pb2+ using methylene blue.	2014	Chen at al. [137]	Linear range 1 × 10−17–1 × 10−4 M. LOD (Pb2+) 1 × 10−19 M.
Mercury	Au/Pt	Inorganic-organic hybrid nanocomposite modified GCE. Electrochemical assay using anodic stripping voltammetry.	2010	Gong et al. [138]	Linear detection to 10 ppb. LOD 0.008 ppb.
Zearalenone	Pt/Co	GCE carrying immobilized nitrogen-doped graphene sheets with captured and bimetallic NPs. Non-enzymatic/mediator-free biosensor.	2013	Feng et al. [139]	Linear range 0.005–25 ng·mL−1. LOD 2.1 pg·mL−1.
Organo- phosphates	Au/Pt	Acetylcholineesterase/choline oxidase immobilized with glutaraldehyde on a modified GCE. Electrocatalytic detection at low potential for detection of H2O2.	2009	Upadhyay et al. [140]	Linear ranges for paraoxon ethyl, sarin, and aldicarb 150–200 nM, 40–50 nM, and 40–60 µM respectively at 30%–40% inhibition of acetylcholine esterase.
2-Butanone	Au/Ag	Bimetallic alloy/CNT. Assay based on CV.	2012	Zhang et al. [141]	Linear anodic peak current response (determined by CV) to 2-butanone from 0.01% to 0.075% (v/v).