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. 2014 Jan 13;2(1):1–17. doi: 10.3390/proteomes2010001

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© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Hybrid marker’s improved biomarker performance over protein expression alone. (A) Plasma samples from colon cancer patients were analyzed by antibody array for their relative protein levels, IgG-autoantibody-antigen complexes and Lewis X modifications. Hybrid markers consisting of the protein component and cancer specific glycosylation (here Lewis X) or in a complex with IgG-immune complex showed enhanced biomarker utility as measured by AUC over the protein performance by itself; (B) A global view of the abundance and performance of hybrid markers was performed by comparing plasma from 60 patients with adenomas and 60 patients with colon cancer to 60 controls using each of the platforms. The Venn diagram shows the total number of biomarker candidates statistically significantly (p < 0.05) identified with each profiling technique and the overlap of protein identity between the three classes (potential hybrid markers). Whether hybrid markers perform well enough alone or are good candidates to be part of a panel of biomarkers for colon cancer early detection, diagnosis or prognosis remains to be determined.