Table 2.

Indices for health education treatment

	Malaria knowledge score		HIV/AIDS knowledge score		IMCI knowledge score		Bednet behavior score		HIV/AIDS access and behavior score		IMCI behavior score
	β coefficient (95% CI)	P value	β coefficient (95% CI)	P value	β coefficient (95% CI)	P value	β coefficient (95% CI)	P value	β coefficient (95% CI)	P value	β coefficient (95% CI)	P value
	(1)		(2)		(3)		(4)		(5)		(6)
Panel A: impact of Credit with Education
Treatment: Credit with Education	0.140	0.040	0.138	0.058	0.036	0.622	0.016	0.798	0.139	0.035	0.019	0.795
	(0.007, 0.274)		(−0.005, 0.282)		(−0.108, 0.180)		(−0.107, 0.139)		(0.010, 0.268)		(−0.123, 0.160)
Control for stratification variables (wave)	Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes
Panel B: impact of Credit with Education and/or mixed-gender treatment
Treatment: Credit with Education	0.131	0.162	0.060	0.580	−0.099	0.323	0.003	0.970	0.140	0.129	0.033	0.730
	(−0.053, 0.316)		(−0.153, 0.272)		(−0.297, 0.099)		(−0.171, 0.177)		(−0.041, 0.322)		(−0.158, 0.225)
Treatment: mixed-gender group	−0.050	0.606	−0.084	0.404	−0.133	0.216	0.089	0.271	0.017	0.828	0.097	0.374
	(−0.243, 0.142)		(−0.281, 0.114)		(−0.345, 0.079)		(−0.070, 0.248)		(−0.140, 0.175)		(−0.118, 0.312)
Treatment: education × mixed-gender group interaction	0.016	0.904	0.168	0.247	0.281	0.054	0.033	0.789	−0.001	0.994	−0.027	0.851
	(−0.253, 0.285)		(−0.118, 0.453)		(−0.005, 0.568)		(−0.209, 0.275)		(−0.262, 0.260)		(−0.311, 0.257)
Control for stratification variables (wave)	Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes
Control mean = credit without education, female-only (standard deviation)	0		0		0		0		0		0
	(1.000)		(1.000)		(1.000)		(1.000)		(1.000)		(1.000)
Treatment mean (standard deviation), Credit with Education	0.119		0.106		−0.0337		0.0520		0.151		0.0790
	(0.965)		(1.027)		(0.940)		(1.034)		(1.184)		(1.164)
Treatment mean (standard deviation), mixed-gender group	0.0225		0.0293		−0.0486		0.109		0.0884		0.109
	(1.002)		(1.018)		(0.999)		(1.029)		(1.114)		(1.323)
Number of observations	3,619		3,625		3,356		3,625		3,624		3,270

AIDS = acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; CI = confidence interval; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; IMCI = Integrated Management of Childhood Illness; ITN = insecticide-treated bednets. Sample contains 3,625 respondents present for the follow-up survey. Robust standard errors clustered at the village level. All specifications include three stratification variables to indicate whether a village participated in wave 1, 2, or 3. Inclusion in wave 1, 2, or 3 is nonrandom, and wave 1 treatment villages received subsidized health products, including insecticide-treated mosquito nets. Each dependent variable is an index of several related questions. Each index is standardized so the control group (credit without education, female-only groups) has a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one. We define index components here and present treatment effects on the individual components in the appendix. Index definitions: For all questions, incorrect answers (not specified here) are assigned the value 0, unanswered survey questions are coded as missing. (1) Malaria knowledge score, three components: Q1: What causes malaria? = 1, if respondent lists “mosquito bites” only; Q2: How does one protect him/herself from getting malaria? = 1, if respondent lists “sleeping under ITN” only; Q3: Which two groups of people are most vulnerable to the effects of malaria? = 1, if respondent lists both “young children” and “pregnant women” only. (2) HIV/AIDS knowledge score, eight components: All questions take the value 1 if respondent answers “Yes.” Q1: Have you heard of AIDS? Q2: In the last few months, have you heard or seen any messages on HIV/AIDS? Q3: Do you personally know someone who is suspected to have the AIDS virus or who has the AIDS virus? Q5: Can people reduce their chances of getting the AIDS virus by using a condom every time they have sex? Q6: Can people reduce their chance of getting the AIDS virus by abstaining from sexual intercourse? Q7: Are there any special medications that people infected with the AIDS virus can get from a doctor or nurse? Q8: Do you know where people can go to get tested for the virus that causes AIDS? Q8: Do you know where to get condoms? (3) IMCI knowledge score, seven components: Q1: What are the critical danger signs of serious illness in children 2 months to 5 years of age? 1 point for each correct answer, up to 6; Q2: How much liquid should you give a child with diarrhea? = 1, if respondent selects “more than usual”; Q3: When a child has diarrhea, what symptoms indicate that you should take him/her for medical care? 1 point for each correct answer, up to 8; Q4: When a child has a cough, what symptoms indicate that you should take him/her for medical care? 1 point for each correct answer, up to 10; Q5: How do you know a child has malaria? = 1, if respondent lists “fever”; Q6: If a child has a fever, how would you recommend that child be treated at home? 1 point for each correct answer, up to 5; Q7: What actions should a doctor/nurse take when assessing the health of your child? 1 point for each correct answer, up to 10. (4) Bednet behavior score, five components: Q1: number of installed bednets in household; Q2: proportion of household members under age 5 who slept under a net the previous night; Q3: household has a net, 1 year or newer; Q4: household has an installed net, 1 year or newer; Q5: household has a net treated within the past year. (5) HIV/AIDS behavior score, three components: All questions take the value 1, if respondent answers “Yes.” Q1: Have you spoken with your husband/companion about ways to avoid contracting HIV/AIDS? Q2: The last time you had sexual intercourse, was a condom used? Q3: If you wanted to, could you yourself get a condom? (6) IMCI behavior score, two components: Q1: respondent has given Orasel or other oral rehydration salts to a child to treat diarrhea; Q2: respondent sought treatment within 3 days for a child who had fever during the previous month.