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The transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining shows the apoptosis increased in ECV304 cells under exposure to 5% of cigarette smoking extract (CSE) compared with that under 0.0% CSE (A,B) for 12 h (magnification, ×400). The flow cytometry (C-F) shows the apoptosis occurred in ECV304 cells under exposure to varied concentrations of CSE at 0.0% (C), 0.5% (D), 1.0% (E), and 5.0% (F) for 12 h individually.
