Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of HIV-infected individuals and uninfected controls
| HIV-infected individuals (n=75) |
Uninfected controls (n=16) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics, n (% of total) unless indicated | |||
|
| |||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 41 (11) | 39 (10) | 0.62 |
|
| |||
| Female sex | 14 (19) | 7 (44) | 0.031 |
|
| |||
| Non-Han ethnicity | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
|
| |||
| Vascular risk factors and other medical conditions, n (% of total) unless indicated | |||
|
| |||
| Hypertension | 8 (11) | 2 (13) | 1.00 |
|
| |||
| Anti-hypertensive medication use | 9 (12) | 2 (13) | 1.00 |
|
| |||
| Dyslipidemia | 17 (23) | 2 (13) | 0.51 |
|
| |||
| Statin use overall | 7 (9) | 0 (0) | 0.35 |
| Statin use among individuals with dyslipidemia | 7 (41) | 0 (0) | 0.25 |
|
| |||
| Coronary heart disease/MI | 3 (4) | 1 (6) | 0.55 |
|
| |||
| Antiplatelet or anticoagulation use | 2 (3) | 2 (13) | 0.14 |
|
| |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (7) | 1 (6) | 1.00 |
|
| |||
| Stroke or cerebral vessel abnormality | 2 (3) | 1 (6) | 0.44 |
|
| |||
| Positive hepatitis C antibody | 4 (5) | NA | — |
|
| |||
| Current substance use, n (% of total) unless indicated | |||
|
| |||
| Alcohol use | 20 (27) | 1 (6) | 0.11 |
|
| |||
| Tobacco use | 21 (28) | 4 (25) | 1.00 |
|
| |||
| Substance use | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
|
| |||
| Laboratories (mmol/L), mean (SD) unless indicated | |||
|
| |||
| Total cholesterola | 4.78 (1.02) | 4.86 (1.02) | 0.75 |
|
| |||
| Low-density lipoprotein | 2.64 (0.74) | 2.83 (0.90) | 0.18 |
|
| |||
| High-density lipoprotein | 1.18 (0.33) | 1.23 (0.17) | 0.61 |
|
| |||
| Triglycerides | 1.74 (1.66) | 1.45 (1.36) | 0.51 |
|
| |||
| hsCRP (mg/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 1.06 (0.54, 2.13) | 0.48 (0.20, 0.89) | 0.003 |
|
| |||
| IL-6 (pg/mL), median (Q1, Q3)b | 2.0 (2.0, 2.2) | 2.0 (2.0, 2.0) | 0.023 |
|
| |||
| HIV-specific factors (cell/mm3), mean (SD) unless indicated | |||
|
| |||
| CD4 count | 454 (229) | — | — |
|
| |||
| Nadir CD4 count | 193 (145) | — | — |
|
| |||
| CD8 count | 738 (377) | — | — |
|
| |||
| CD4 to CD8 ratio | 0.70 (0.36) | — | — |
|
| |||
| Duration of HIV infection (years), median (Q1, Q3) | 4.8 (2.3, 6.3) | — | — |
|
| |||
| Duration of ART use (years), median (Q1, Q3) | 4.0 (2.0, 6.0) | — | — |
|
| |||
| Current ART regimen, n (% of total): | |||
| 3TC + TDF or AZT + EFZ | 37 (49) | — | — |
| 3TC + TDF or AZT + NVP | 26 (35) | — | — |
| 3TC + TDF or AZT + LPV/r | 8 (11) | — | — |
| 3TC + TDF + LPV/r + RAL | 2 (3) | — | — |
| 3TC + ABC + NVP or LPV/r | 2 (3) | — | — |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; NA, not available; 3TC, lamivudine; TDF, tenofovir; EFZ, efavirenz; AZT, zidovudine; NVP, nevirapine; LPV/r, lopinavir/ritonavir; RAL, raltegravir; ABC, abacavir
a
Total cholesterol among HIV-infected individuals 45 years of age and older was higher compared with younger HIV-infected individuals (5.07 versus 4.60 mmol/L, p=0.05). See discussion for additional context.
b
26% of HIV-infected individuals had an IL-6 >2 pg/mL (lowest limit of reliable detection) compared with 0% for uninfected controls, p=0.021.