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Epigenetic Mechanisms and Gene Transcription
| Mechanism | Transcriptional Effect |
|---|---|
| DNA methylation (CpG dinucleotides) | ↓ |
| Histone posttranslational modifications | |
| Histone H3 | |
| Acetylation (K9, K14) | ↑ |
| Methylation | |
| K4 trimethylation | ↑ |
| K9 trimethylation | ↓ |
| K27 trimethylation | ↓ |
| K36 trimethylation | ↑ |
| K64 trimethylation | ↓ |
| Phosphorylation (S10) | ↑ |
| Histone H4 | |
| Acetylation (K5, K8, K12, K16) | ↑ |
| Methylation (K20) | ↓ |
| Long noncoding RNAs | |
| Xist, HOTAIR | ↓ |
Abbreviations: K, lysine; S, serine.
