Table 3.

Model results: Effects of utterance timing (in seconds, centered) on reference form. Each predictor is modeled separately. Each model included a random slope by participants (except the Latency of previous utterance model, where the random slope was estimated to be 0).

	Predictor	Description	Estimate (Standard error)	t	p
Current utterance timing	Latency to speak	More pronouns/zeros for longer latencies	1.09 (.33)	3.26	0.008
Current utterance timing	Action durations	No effect	0.14 (.22)	0.63	0.54
Previous utterance timing	Latency of previous utterance	No effect	0.28 (.20)	1.45	0.15
Previous utterance timing	Previous action durations	More pronouns/zeros for shorter previous action durations	−0.85 (.26)	−3.27	0.007